Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Monoisotopic mass
309.134048818
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
methyl({3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl})amine
Traditional IUPAC Name
prozac
SMILES
CNCCC(OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1
Độ hòa tan
50 mg/mL at 25 °C
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.8
Refractivity
80.37 m3·mol-1
Dược Lực Học :
Fluoxetine, an antidepressant agent belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), is used to treat depression, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress. According to the amines hypothesis, a functional decrease in the activity of amines, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, would result in depression; a functional increase of the activity of these amines would result in mood elevation. Fluoxetine's effects are thought to be associated with the inhibition of 5HT receptor, which leads to an increase of serotonin level. Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and α1–adrenergic receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of classical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs. Fluoxetine binds to these and other membrane receptors from brain tissue much less potently in vitro than do the tricyclic drugs.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng :
Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the first agent of the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Fluoxetine is a racemic mixture of the R- and S- enantiomers and are of equivalent pharmacologic activity. Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Fluoxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and in combination with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Fluoxetine is the most anorexic and stimulating SSRI.
Metabolized to norfluoxetine, fluoxetine is a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it blocks the reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the neuronal membrane, enhancing the actions of serotonin on 5HT1A autoreceptors. SSRIs bind with significantly less affinity to histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine receptors than tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Well absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration. Oral bioavailability is estimated to be at least 60-80%. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 6-8 hours following a single oral administration of a 40 mg dose. The oral solution and delayed-release capsule are bioequivalent. Food does not affect the systemic bioavailability of fluoxetine but it delays the absorption by 1-2 hours (not clinically significant). Prozac Weekly capsules, a delayed–release formulation, contain enteric–coated pellets that resist dissolution until reaching a segment of the gastrointestinal tract where the pH exceeds 5.5. The enteric coating delays the onset of absorption of fluoxetine 1 to 2 hours relative to the immediate–release formulations.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
* 20-45 L/kg
▧ Protein binding :
94.5% bound to human serum proteins, including albumin and alpha-1-glycoprotein.
▧ Metabolism :
Limited data from animal studies suggest that fluoxetine may undergo first-pass metabolism may occur via the liver and/or lungs. Fluoxetine appears to be extensively metabolized, likely in the liver, to norfluoxetine and other metabolites. Norfluoxetine, the principal active metabolite, is formed via N-demethylation of fluoxetine. Norfluoxetine appears to be comparable pharmacologic potency as fluoxetine. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine both undergo phase II glucuronidation reactions in the liver. It is also thought that fluoxetine and norfluoxetine undergo O-dealkylation to form p-trifluoromethylphenol, which is then subsequently metabolized to hippuric acid.
▧ Route of Elimination :
The primary route of elimination appears to be hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites excreted by the kidney. The S-enantiomer is eliminated more slowly and is the predominant enantiomer present at steady state.
▧ Half Life :
1-3 days [acute administration];
4-6 days [chronic administration];
4-16 days [norfluoxetine, acute and chronic administration].
Độc Tính :
Symptoms of overdose include agitation, restlessness, hypomania, and other signs of CNS excitation. LD50=284mg/kg (orally in mice). The most frequent side effects include: nervous system effects such as anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, drowsiness, fatigue or asthenia, tremor, and dizziness or lightheadedness; GI effects such as anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea; vasodilation; dry mouth; abnormal vision; decreased libido; abnormal ejaculation; rash; and sweating. Withdrawal symptoms include flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory changes and hyperactivity.
Chỉ Định :
Labeled indication include: major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and combination treatment with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Unlabeled indications include: selective mutism, mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
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Acenocoumarol
The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, acenocoumarol.
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Almotriptan
Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
-
Amitriptyline
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of amitriptyline if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Amoxapine
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, amoxapine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of amoxapine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Amphetamine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Anisindione
The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, anisindione.
-
Artemether
Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
-
Astemizole
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
-
Atomoxetine
The CYP2D6 inhibitor could increase the effect and toxicity of atomoxetine
-
Benzphetamine
Amphetamines may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Serotonin Modulators. The risk of serotonin syndrome may be increased. Monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome (e.g., agitation, tremor, tachycardia, etc.) when using amphetamines and serotonin modulators in combination.
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Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine may decrease the serum concentration of fluoxetine by increasing its metabolism. Fluoxetine may increase the serum concentration of carbamazepine by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or doses are changed.
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Carvedilol
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, carvedilol.
-
Cilostazol
Fluoxetine, a moderate CYP2C19 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism of cilostazol. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of cilostazol if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Clarithromycin
Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
-
Clomipramine
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of clomipramine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
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Clozapine
The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapine
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Cyclosporine
The antidepressant increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine
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Cyproheptadine
Possible antagonism of action
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Desipramine
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, desipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of desipramine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Desvenlafaxine
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
-
Dexfenfluramine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Dextroamphetamine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Dextromethorphan
Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndrome
-
Dicoumarol
The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, dicumarol.
-
Diethylpropion
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Dihydroergotamine
Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination
-
Doxepin
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, doxepin, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of doxepin if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Eletriptan
Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
-
Ergotamine
Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination
-
Erythromycin
Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
-
Ethotoin
Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
-
Fenfluramine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Fosphenytoin
Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
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Frovatriptan
Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
-
Ginkgo biloba
Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
-
Iloperidone
Fluoxetine is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor that increases serum concentration of iloperidone. Reduce dose of iloperidone by 50%
-
Imipramine
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of imipramine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Insulin Lispro
Concomitant therapy with drugs that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin lispro and thus the chance of hypoglycemia should be monitored closely.
-
Isocarboxazid
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
-
Josamycin
Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
-
Ketoprofen
Concomitant therapy may result in additive antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding. Monitor for increased risk of bleeding during concomitant therapy.
-
Linezolid
Linezolide, a MAO inhibitor, may increase the serotonergic effect of fluoxetine, a SSRI. Increased for of serotonin syndrome. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
-
Lithium
The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases serum levels of lithium.
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Lumefantrine
Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
-
Mazindol
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Mephenytoin
Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
-
Mesoridazine
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
-
Methamphetamine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Metoprolol
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, metoprolol.
-
Moclobemide
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Naratriptan
Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
-
Nortriptyline
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of nortriptyline if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
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Oxycodone
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
-
Phendimetrazine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Phenelzine
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
-
Phentermine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Phenylpropanolamine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
Phenytoin
Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
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Propafenone
Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious life-threatening arrhythmias. Fluoxetine may also increase the serum concentration of propafenone. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for QTc-prolongation.
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Propranolol
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, propranolol.
-
Protriptyline
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, protriptyline, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of protriptyline if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Rasagiline
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
-
Risperidone
The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect and toxicity of risperidone.
-
Ritonavir
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
-
Rizatriptan
Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
-
Selegiline
Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
-
Sibutramine
Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
-
St. John's Wort
St. John's Wort increases the effect and toxicity of the SSRI, fluoxetine.
-
Sumatriptan
Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
-
Tacrine
The metabolism of Tacrine, a CYP1A2 substrate, may be reduced by Fluoxetine, a CYP1A2 inhibitors. Monitor the efficacy and toxicity of Tacrine if Fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or if the dose is changed.
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Tacrolimus
Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
-
Tamoxifen
Fluoxetine may decrease the therapeutic effect of Tamoxifen by decreasing the production of active metabolites. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
-
Tamsulosin
Fluoxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP2D6 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
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Terbinafine
Terbinafine may reduce the metabolism and clearance of Fluoxetine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for therapeutic/adverse effects of Fluoxetine if Terbinafine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Terfenadine
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
-
Tetrabenazine
Strong CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase exposure of the metabolites of tetrabenazine. Consider a reduction of dose.
-
Thioridazine
Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
-
Thiothixene
May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
-
Tiaprofenic acid
Additive antiplatelet effects increase the risk of bleeding. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for increased bleeding.
-
Tipranavir
Tipranavir increases the concentration of Fluoxetine. The Fluoxetine dose may require an adjustment.
-
Tizanidine
Fluoxetine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tizanidine. Consider alternate therapy or use caution during co-administration.
-
Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Fluoxetine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fluoxetine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
-
Tolmetin
Increased antiplatelet effects may enhance the risk of bleeding. Alternate therapy may be considered or monitor for inreased bleeding during concomitant therapy.
-
Tolterodine
Fluoxetine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Monitor for adverse/toxic effects of Tolterodine.
-
Toremifene
Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
-
Tramadol
The use of two serotonin modulators, such as fluoxetine and tramadol, may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Fluoxetine may decrease the effect of tramadol by decreasing active metabolite production.
-
Tranylcypromine
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. A significant washout period, dependent on the half-lives of the agents, should be employed between therapies.
-
Trazodone
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
-
Treprostinil
The prostacyclin analogue, Treprostinil, increases the risk of bleeding when combined with the antiplatelet agent, Fluoxetine. Monitor for increased bleeding during concomitant thearpy.
-
Trimipramine
The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, trimipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Additive QTc-prolongation may also occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used cautiously.
-
Triprolidine
The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Fluoxetine, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
-
Troleandomycin
Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
-
Venlafaxine
Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
-
Voriconazole
Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
-
Vorinostat
Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
-
Warfarin
The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, warfarin.
-
Ziprasidone
Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
-
Zolmitriptan
Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and fluoxetine, may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
-
Zuclopenthixol
Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). Fluoxetine, a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of zuclopenthixol by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of zuclopenthixol if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng :
Capsule - Oral - 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg
Capsule, delayed release - Oral - 90 mg
Solution - Oral - 20 mg/5 mL
Tablet - Oral - 10 mg, 20 mg, 60 mg
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Nhà Sản Xuất
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Sản phẩm biệt dược : Adofen
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Sản phẩm biệt dược : Animex-On
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Sản phẩm biệt dược : Fluoxeren
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Sản phẩm biệt dược : Fontex
-
Sản phẩm biệt dược : Ladose
-
Sản phẩm biệt dược : Prozac
-
Sản phẩm biệt dược : Sarafem
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
National Drug Code Directory