Tìm theo
Fluoxetine
Các tên gọi khác (7 ) :
  • (+-)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-P-tolyl)oxy)propylamine
  • (+-)-N-Methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine
  • Fluoxetin
  • Fluoxetina
  • Fluoxétine
  • Fluoxetinum
  • Prozac
Thuốc điều trị về tâm thần
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 54910-89-3
ATC: N06AB03
ĐG : Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
CTHH: C17H18F3NO
PTK: 309.3261
Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the first agent of the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Fluoxetine is a racemic mixture of the R- and S- enantiomers and are of equivalent pharmacologic activity. Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Fluoxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and in combination with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Fluoxetine is the most anorexic and stimulating SSRI.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
Phân tử khối
309.3261
Monoisotopic mass
309.134048818
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H18F3NO/c1-21-12-11-16(13-5-3-2-4-6-13)22-15-9-7-14(8-10-15)17(18,19)20/h2-10,16,21H,11-12H2,1H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
methyl({3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl})amine
Traditional IUPAC Name
prozac
SMILES
CNCCC(OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1
Độ tan chảy
179-182 °C
Độ hòa tan
50 mg/mL at 25 °C
logP
4.05
logS
-5.3
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.8
PSA
21.26 Å2
Refractivity
80.37 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
30.33 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
7
H Bond Acceptor Count
2
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
Dược Lực Học : Fluoxetine, an antidepressant agent belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), is used to treat depression, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress. According to the amines hypothesis, a functional decrease in the activity of amines, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, would result in depression; a functional increase of the activity of these amines would result in mood elevation. Fluoxetine's effects are thought to be associated with the inhibition of 5HT receptor, which leads to an increase of serotonin level. Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and α1–adrenergic receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of classical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs. Fluoxetine binds to these and other membrane receptors from brain tissue much less potently in vitro than do the tricyclic drugs.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the first agent of the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Fluoxetine is a racemic mixture of the R- and S- enantiomers and are of equivalent pharmacologic activity. Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Fluoxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and in combination with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Fluoxetine is the most anorexic and stimulating SSRI. Metabolized to norfluoxetine, fluoxetine is a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it blocks the reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the neuronal membrane, enhancing the actions of serotonin on 5HT1A autoreceptors. SSRIs bind with significantly less affinity to histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine receptors than tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Well absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration. Oral bioavailability is estimated to be at least 60-80%. Peak plasma concentrations occur within 6-8 hours following a single oral administration of a 40 mg dose. The oral solution and delayed-release capsule are bioequivalent. Food does not affect the systemic bioavailability of fluoxetine but it delays the absorption by 1-2 hours (not clinically significant). Prozac Weekly capsules, a delayed–release formulation, contain enteric–coated pellets that resist dissolution until reaching a segment of the gastrointestinal tract where the pH exceeds 5.5. The enteric coating delays the onset of absorption of fluoxetine 1 to 2 hours relative to the immediate–release formulations.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
* 20-45 L/kg
▧ Protein binding :
94.5% bound to human serum proteins, including albumin and alpha-1-glycoprotein.
▧ Metabolism :
Limited data from animal studies suggest that fluoxetine may undergo first-pass metabolism may occur via the liver and/or lungs. Fluoxetine appears to be extensively metabolized, likely in the liver, to norfluoxetine and other metabolites. Norfluoxetine, the principal active metabolite, is formed via N-demethylation of fluoxetine. Norfluoxetine appears to be comparable pharmacologic potency as fluoxetine. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine both undergo phase II glucuronidation reactions in the liver. It is also thought that fluoxetine and norfluoxetine undergo O-dealkylation to form p-trifluoromethylphenol, which is then subsequently metabolized to hippuric acid.
▧ Route of Elimination :
The primary route of elimination appears to be hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites excreted by the kidney. The S-enantiomer is eliminated more slowly and is the predominant enantiomer present at steady state.
▧ Half Life :
1-3 days [acute administration]; 4-6 days [chronic administration]; 4-16 days [norfluoxetine, acute and chronic administration].
Độc Tính : Symptoms of overdose include agitation, restlessness, hypomania, and other signs of CNS excitation. LD50=284mg/kg (orally in mice). The most frequent side effects include: nervous system effects such as anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, drowsiness, fatigue or asthenia, tremor, and dizziness or lightheadedness; GI effects such as anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea; vasodilation; dry mouth; abnormal vision; decreased libido; abnormal ejaculation; rash; and sweating. Withdrawal symptoms include flu-like symptoms, insomnia, nausea, imbalance, sensory changes and hyperactivity.
Chỉ Định : Labeled indication include: major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and combination treatment with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Unlabeled indications include: selective mutism, mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acenocoumarol The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, acenocoumarol.
  • Almotriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Amitriptyline The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of amitriptyline if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Amoxapine The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, amoxapine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of amoxapine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Amphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Anisindione The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, anisindione.
  • Artemether Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Astemizole Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
  • Atomoxetine The CYP2D6 inhibitor could increase the effect and toxicity of atomoxetine
  • Benzphetamine Amphetamines may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Serotonin Modulators. The risk of serotonin syndrome may be increased. Monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome (e.g., agitation, tremor, tachycardia, etc.) when using amphetamines and serotonin modulators in combination.
  • Carbamazepine Carbamazepine may decrease the serum concentration of fluoxetine by increasing its metabolism. Fluoxetine may increase the serum concentration of carbamazepine by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or doses are changed.
  • Carvedilol The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, carvedilol.
  • Cilostazol Fluoxetine, a moderate CYP2C19 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism of cilostazol. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of cilostazol if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Clarithromycin Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
  • Clomipramine The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, clomipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of clomipramine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Clozapine The antidepressant increases the effect of clozapine
  • Cyclosporine The antidepressant increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine
  • Cyproheptadine Possible antagonism of action
  • Desipramine The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, desipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of desipramine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Desvenlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Dexfenfluramine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Dextroamphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Dextromethorphan Combination associated with possible serotoninergic syndrome
  • Dicoumarol The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, dicumarol.
  • Diethylpropion Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Dihydroergotamine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination
  • Doxepin The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, doxepin, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of doxepin if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Eletriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Ergotamine Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination
  • Erythromycin Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
  • Ethotoin Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
  • Fenfluramine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Fosphenytoin Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
  • Frovatriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Ginkgo biloba Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Iloperidone Fluoxetine is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor that increases serum concentration of iloperidone. Reduce dose of iloperidone by 50%
  • Imipramine The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of imipramine if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Insulin Lispro Concomitant therapy with drugs that may increase the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin lispro and thus the chance of hypoglycemia should be monitored closely.
  • Isocarboxazid Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
  • Josamycin Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
  • Ketoprofen Concomitant therapy may result in additive antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding. Monitor for increased risk of bleeding during concomitant therapy.
  • Linezolid Linezolide, a MAO inhibitor, may increase the serotonergic effect of fluoxetine, a SSRI. Increased for of serotonin syndrome. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Lithium The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases serum levels of lithium.
  • Lumefantrine Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Mazindol Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Mephenytoin Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
  • Mesoridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
  • Methamphetamine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Metoprolol The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, metoprolol.
  • Moclobemide Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Naratriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Nortriptyline The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of nortriptyline if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Oxycodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
  • Phendimetrazine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Phenelzine Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
  • Phentermine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Phenylpropanolamine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • Phenytoin Fluoxetine increases the effect of phenytoin
  • Propafenone Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious life-threatening arrhythmias. Fluoxetine may also increase the serum concentration of propafenone. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for QTc-prolongation.
  • Propranolol The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the bradycardic effect of the beta-blocker, propranolol.
  • Protriptyline The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, protriptyline, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for development of serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of protriptyline if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Rasagiline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
  • Risperidone The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect and toxicity of risperidone.
  • Ritonavir Increased risk of serotonin syndrome
  • Rizatriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Selegiline Possible severe adverse reaction with this combination
  • Sibutramine Risk of serotoninergic syndrome
  • St. John's Wort St. John's Wort increases the effect and toxicity of the SSRI, fluoxetine.
  • Sumatriptan Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Tacrine The metabolism of Tacrine, a CYP1A2 substrate, may be reduced by Fluoxetine, a CYP1A2 inhibitors. Monitor the efficacy and toxicity of Tacrine if Fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or if the dose is changed.
  • Tacrolimus Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution.
  • Tamoxifen Fluoxetine may decrease the therapeutic effect of Tamoxifen by decreasing the production of active metabolites. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Tamsulosin Fluoxetine, a CYP2D6 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP2D6 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
  • Terbinafine Terbinafine may reduce the metabolism and clearance of Fluoxetine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for therapeutic/adverse effects of Fluoxetine if Terbinafine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Terfenadine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
  • Tetrabenazine Strong CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase exposure of the metabolites of tetrabenazine. Consider a reduction of dose.
  • Thioridazine Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
  • Thiothixene May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
  • Tiaprofenic acid Additive antiplatelet effects increase the risk of bleeding. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for increased bleeding.
  • Tipranavir Tipranavir increases the concentration of Fluoxetine. The Fluoxetine dose may require an adjustment.
  • Tizanidine Fluoxetine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tizanidine. Consider alternate therapy or use caution during co-administration.
  • Tolbutamide Tolbutamide, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Fluoxetine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Fluoxetine therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolbutamide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tolmetin Increased antiplatelet effects may enhance the risk of bleeding. Alternate therapy may be considered or monitor for inreased bleeding during concomitant therapy.
  • Tolterodine Fluoxetine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Monitor for adverse/toxic effects of Tolterodine.
  • Toremifene Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration.
  • Tramadol The use of two serotonin modulators, such as fluoxetine and tramadol, may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Fluoxetine may decrease the effect of tramadol by decreasing active metabolite production.
  • Tranylcypromine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. A significant washout period, dependent on the half-lives of the agents, should be employed between therapies.
  • Trazodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Treprostinil The prostacyclin analogue, Treprostinil, increases the risk of bleeding when combined with the antiplatelet agent, Fluoxetine. Monitor for increased bleeding during concomitant thearpy.
  • Trimipramine The SSRI, fluoxetine, may increase the serum concentration of the tricyclic antidepressant, trimipramine, by decreasing its metabolism. Additive modulation of serotonin activity also increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Additive QTc-prolongation may also occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used cautiously.
  • Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Fluoxetine, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
  • Troleandomycin Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
  • Venlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Voriconazole Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
  • Vorinostat Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP).
  • Warfarin The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases the effect of anticoagulant, warfarin.
  • Ziprasidone Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
  • Zolmitriptan Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and fluoxetine, may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
  • Zuclopenthixol Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). Fluoxetine, a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of zuclopenthixol by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of zuclopenthixol if fluoxetine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral - 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg
Capsule, delayed release - Oral - 90 mg
Solution - Oral - 20 mg/5 mL
Tablet - Oral - 10 mg, 20 mg, 60 mg
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Brainpharma
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Adofen
  • Công ty : Laboratorios
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Animex-On
  • Công ty : Menarini
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Fluoxeren
  • Công ty : Lilly
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Fontex
  • Công ty : Lilly
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Ladose
  • Công ty : Dista
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Prozac
  • Công ty : Lilly
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Sarafem
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