Tìm theo
Timolol
Các tên gọi khác (4 ) :
  • (S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol
  • Timolol
  • Timololo
  • Timololum
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 26839-75-8
ATC: C07AA06, S01ED01
ĐG : Akorn Inc. , http://www.akorn.com
CTHH: C13H24N4O3S
PTK: 316.42
A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to propranolol. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of migraine disorders and tremor. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C13H24N4O3S
Phân tử khối
316.42
Monoisotopic mass
316.156911344
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H24N4O3S/c1-13(2,3)14-8-10(18)9-20-12-11(15-21-16-12)17-4-6-19-7-5-17/h10,14,18H,4-9H2,1-3H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=BLJRIMJGRPQVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
tert-butyl(2-hydroxy-3-{[4-(morpholin-4-yl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl]oxy}propyl)amine
Traditional IUPAC Name
timolol
SMILES
CC(C)(C)NCC(O)COC1=NSN=C1N1CCOCC1
Độ tan chảy
202 °C
Độ hòa tan
2.74 mg/mL
logP
1.83
logS
-3.1
pKa (strongest acidic)
14.08
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.76
PSA
79.74 Å2
Refractivity
83.92 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
33.99 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
7
H Bond Acceptor Count
7
H Bond Donor Count
2
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
caco2 Permeability
-4.85
pKa
9.21
Dược Lực Học : Similar to propranolol and nadolol, timolol is a non-selective, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Timolol does not have significant intrinsic sympathomimetic, direct myocardial depressant, or local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) activity, but does possess a relatively high degree of lipid solubility. Timolol, when applied topically to the eye, has the action of reducing elevated, as well as normal, intraocular pressure, whether or not accompanied by glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous visual field loss and optic nerve damage.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to propranolol. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of migraine disorders and tremor. [PubChem] Like propranolol and nadolol, timolol competes with adrenergic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding at beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle and beta(2)-receptors in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscle. Beta(1)-receptor blockade results in a decrease in resting and exercise heart rate and cardiac output, a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and, possibly, a reduction in reflex orthostatic hypotension. Beta(2)-blockade results in an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. The exact mechanism whereby timolol reduces ocular pressure is still not known. The most likely action is by decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Bioavailability is about 60%
▧ Protein binding :
~10%
▧ Metabolism :
Primarily hepatic (80%) via the cytochrome P450 2D6 isoenzyme.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Timolol and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine.
▧ Half Life :
2.5-5 hours
Độc Tính : LD50=1190 mg/kg (oral, mice), LD50=900 mg/kg (oral, rat). Symptoms of overdose include drowsiness, vertigo, headache, and atriventricular block.
Chỉ Định : In its oral form it is used to treat high blood pressure and prevent heart attacks, and occasionally to prevent migraine headaches. In its opthalmic form it is used to treat open-angle and occasionally secondary glaucoma.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acetohexamide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Aminophylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
  • Celecoxib The NSAID, Celecoxib, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Chlorpropamide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Cimetidine Cimetidine may increase the serum concentration of timolol by decreasing its metabolism.
  • Clonidine Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped
  • Diclofenac The NSAID, Diclofenac, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Diflunisal The NSAID, Diflunisal, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Dihydroergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
  • Diltiazem Additive effects of decreased heart rate and contractility may occur. Increased risk of heart block.
  • Disopyramide The beta-blocker, timolol, may increase the toxicity of disopyramide.
  • Dyphylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
  • Epinephrine Hypertension, then bradycardia
  • Ergonovine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
  • Ergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
  • Etodolac The NSAID, Etodolac, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Fenoprofen The NSAID, Fenoprofen, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Fenoterol Antagonism
  • Flurbiprofen The NSAID, Flurbiprofen, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Formoterol Antagonism
  • Gliclazide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Glipizide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Glisoxepide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Glyburide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Glycodiazine The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Indomethacin Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
  • Insulin Glargine The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • insulin inhaled The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Isoprenaline Antagonism
  • Ketoprofen The NSAID, Ketoprofen, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Ketorolac The NSAID, Ketorolac, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Lidocaine The beta-blocker, timolol, may increase the effect and toxicity of lidocaine.
  • Lumiracoxib The NSAID, Lumiracoxib, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Meclofenamic acid The NSAID, Meclofenamate, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Meloxicam The NSAID, Meloxicam, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Methyldopa Possible hypertensive crisis
  • Methysergide Ischemia with risk of gangrene
  • Nabumetone The NSAID, Nabumetone, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Naproxen The NSAID, Naproxen, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Orciprenaline Antagonism
  • Oxaprozin The NSAID, Oxaprozin, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Oxtriphylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
  • Pipobroman Antagonism
  • Pirbuterol Antagonism
  • Piroxicam Risk of inhibition of renal prostaglandins
  • Prazosin Risk of hypotension at the beginning of therapy
  • Procaterol Antagonism
  • Repaglinide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Salbutamol Antagonism
  • Salmeterol Antagonism
  • Sulindac The NSAID, Sulindac, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Terazosin Increased risk of hypotension. Initiate concomitant therapy cautiously.
  • Terbinafine Terbinafine may reduce the metabolism and clearance of Timolol. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for therapeutic/adverse effects of Amytriptyline if Timolol is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Terbutaline Antagonism
  • Theophylline Antagonism of action and increased effect of theophylline
  • Tiaprofenic acid The NSAID, Tiaprofenic acid, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Tolazamide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Tolbutamide The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Tolmetin The NSAID, Tolmetin, may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Timolol.
  • Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
  • Verapamil Additive effects of decreased heart rate and contractility may occur. Increased risk of heart block.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Liquid - Ophthalmic
Solution - Ophthalmic
Solution / drops - Ophthalmic
Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Santen
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Betimol
  • Công ty : Merck
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Blocadren
  • Công ty : Ista
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Istalol
  • Công ty : Sidus
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Proflax
  • Công ty : Sigma
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Tenopt
  • Công ty : MSD
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Timacar Depot
  • Công ty : Gerda
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Timacor
  • Công ty : Aton
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Timoptic
  • Công ty : Merck Frosst
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Timoptic-XE
  • Công ty : Merck
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Timoptol
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00373
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07141
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/68669-522-05
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA451690
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timolol
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/timololgfs.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/timolol-drops.html
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