Tìm theo
Lithium
Các tên gọi khác (5 ) :
  • Li(+)
  • Lithium cation
  • LITHIUM ion
  • Lithium, ion
  • Lithium, ion (li1+)
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 7439-93-2
ATC: N05AN01, D11AX04
ĐG : Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
CTHH: Li
PTK: 6.941
Lithium was used during the 19th century to treat gout. Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. It is also sometimes prescribed as a preventive treatment for migraine disease and cluster headaches. The active principle in these salts is the lithium ion Li+, which having a smaller diameter, can easily displace K+ and Na+ and even Ca+2, in spite of its greater charge, occupying their sites in several critical neuronal enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
Li
Phân tử khối
6.941
Monoisotopic mass
7.016004049
InChI
InChI=1S/Li/q+1
InChI Key
InChIKey=HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
lithium(1+) ion
Traditional IUPAC Name
lithium
SMILES
[Li+]
Độ tan chảy
0.512 g·cm −3
Polarizability
1.78 Å3
logP
0
Polar Surface Area (PSA)
0
Refractivity
0
Rotatable Bond Count
0
H Bond Acceptor Count
0
H Bond Donor Count
0
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
0
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Dược Lực Học : Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Lithium was used during the 19th century to treat gout. Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. It is also sometimes prescribed as a preventive treatment for migraine disease and cluster headaches. The active principle in these salts is the lithium ion Li+, which having a smaller diameter, can easily displace K+ and Na+ and even Ca+2, in spite of its greater charge, occupying their sites in several critical neuronal enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors. The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.
Chỉ Định : Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Aminophylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
  • Azilsartan medoxomil Azilsartan medoxomil may increase lithium serum concentrations.
  • Benazepril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Bendroflumethiazide The thiazide diuretic, bendroflumethiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Benzthiazide The thiazide diuretic, benzthiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Caffeine Caffeine decreases serum levels of lithium
  • Candesartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
  • Captopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Celecoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Chlorothiazide The thiazide diuretic, chlorothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Chlorthalidone The thiazide diuretic, chlorthalidone, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Cilazapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Citric Acid The urine alkalizer decreases the effect of lithium
  • Cyclothiazide The thiazide diuretic, cyclothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Desvenlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Diclofenac The NSAID, diclofenac, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Diflunisal The NSAID, diflunisal, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Dyphylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
  • Enalapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Eplerenone Eplerenone increases serum levels of lithium
  • Eprosartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
  • Etoricoxib Etoricoxib increases serum levels of lithium
  • Fluoxetine The SSRI, fluoxetine, increases serum levels of lithium.
  • Fluvoxamine The SSRI, fluvoxamine, increases serum levels of lithium.
  • Forasartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
  • Fosinopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Haloperidol Possible extrapyramidal effects and neurotoxicity with this combination
  • Hydrochlorothiazide The thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Hydroflumethiazide The thiazide diuretic, hydroflumethiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Ibuprofen The NSAID, ibuprofen, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Indapamide The thiazide diuretic, indapamide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Indomethacin The NSAID, indomethacin, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Iodine Possible hypothyroidism with this combination
  • Irbesartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
  • Ketoprofen The NSAID, ketoprofen, may increase the serum concentration of lithium by decreasing its renal clearance. Consider a dose reduction in lithium upon initiation of ketoprofen therapy. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of lithium if ketoprofen is initiated, discontinued or does changed.
  • Ketorolac The NSAID, ketorolac, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Lisinopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Losartan Losartan increases serum levels of lithium
  • Lumiracoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Mefenamic acid The NSAID, mefenamic acid, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Meloxicam Meloxicam increases serum levels of lithium
  • Methyclothiazide The thiazide diuretic, methyclothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Methyldopa Methyldopa may increase the adverse effects of lithium without affecting lithium serum levels. Monitor for signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity during concomitant therapy.
  • Metolazone The thiazide diuretic, metolazone, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Metronidazole Metronidazole increases the effect and toxicity of lithium
  • Moexipril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Naproxen The NSAID, naproxen, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Oxtriphylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
  • Perindopril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Phenylbutazone The NSAID, phenylbutazone, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Piroxicam The NSAID, piroxicam, may decrease the renal excretion of lithium. Increased risk of lithium toxicity.
  • Polythiazide The thiazide diuretic, polythiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Potassium The urine alkalizer decreases the effect of lithium
  • Quinapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Quinethazone The thiazide diuretic, quinethazone, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Ramipril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Rofecoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Salmon Calcitonin Monitor therapy because calcitonin may reduce the serum concentration of lithium.
  • Saprisartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
  • Sibutramine Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
  • Sodium bicarbonate The urine alkalizer decreases the effect of lithium
  • Spirapril The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Sumatriptan Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination
  • Tasosartan The ARB increases serum levels of lithium
  • Telmisartan Telmisartan may increase serum Lithium concentrations. Monitor serum Lithium levels during concomitant therapy to avoid Lithium toxicity.
  • Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may increase the serum concentration of Lithium. A dose adjustment of Lithium may be required. Monitor for changes in Lithium therapeutic and adverse effects if Tenoxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tetrabenazine Inhibit biochemical and behavioural effects of tetrabenazine. Heed caution when using agents in combination.
  • Theophylline Theophylline decreases serum levels of lithium
  • Tiaprofenic acid Tiaprofenic acid may increase the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lithium by increasing Lithium serum concentrations. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lithium if Tiaprofenic acid is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tobramycin Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
  • Tolmetin Tolmetin may increase the risk of Lithium toxicity by decreasing the renal elminiation of Lithium. A dose adjustment of Lithium may be required. Monitor for changes in Lithium therapeutic and adverse effects if Tolmetin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Topiramate Topiramate could modify lithium levels
  • Trandolapril Trandolapril may increase the serum concentration of Lithium increasing the risk of Lithium toxicity. Monitor for changes in Lithium serum concentrations, toxicity and efficacy if Trandolapril is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tranylcypromine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Use caution during concomitant therapy and monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Trazodone Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide may increase the serum concentration of Lithium by decreasing Lithium excretion. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Lithium if Trichlorthiazide is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Trimipramine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Valdecoxib The COX-2 inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Valsartan Valsartan may increase serum lithium concentrations. Monitor serum lithium levels during concomitant therapy to avoid lithium toxicity.
  • Venlafaxine Increased risk of serotonin syndrome. Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome.
  • Verapamil Signs of lithium toxicity
  • Zolmitriptan Use of two serotonin modulators, such as zolmitriptan and lithium, increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for serotonin syndrome during concomitant therapy.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral
Liquid - Oral
Syrup - Oral
Tablet, extended release - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Eskalith
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : LITHOBID
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : LithoTab
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01356
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=28486
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46505392
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C15473
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.26502.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/68968-4492
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA450243
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/lithium.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/lithium.html
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