Tìm theo
Diazepam
Các tên gọi khác (4 ) :
  • 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
  • Diazepam
  • Methyl diazepinone
  • Valium
Thuốc điều trị về tâm thần
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 439-14-5
ATC: N05BA01, N05BA17
ĐG : Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC , http://www.aidarex.com
CTHH: C16H13ClN2O
PTK: 284.74
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. It is used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p589)
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C16H13ClN2O
Phân tử khối
284.74
Monoisotopic mass
284.071640755
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c1-19-14-8-7-12(17)9-13(14)16(18-10-15(19)20)11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-9H,10H2,1H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Traditional IUPAC Name
diazepam
SMILES
CN1C2=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C(=NCC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
Độ tan chảy
125-126
Độ hòa tan
50 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
2.82
logS
-4.4
pKa (Strongest Basic)
2.92
PSA
32.67 Å2
Refractivity
79.81 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
29.39 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
1
H Bond Acceptor Count
2
H Bond Donor Count
0
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
3
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
caco2 Permeability
-4.32
pKa
3.4
Dược Lực Học : Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, generates the same active metabolite as chlordiazepoxide and clorazepate. In animals, diazepam appears to act on parts of the limbic system, the thalamus and hypothalamus, and induces calming effects. Diazepam, unlike chlorpromazine and reserpine, has no demonstrable peripheral autonomic blocking action, nor does it produce extrapyramidal side effects; however, animals treated with diazepam do have a transient ataxia at higher doses. Diazepam was found to have transient cardiovascular depressor effects in dogs. Long-term experiments in rats revealed no disturbances of endocrine function. Injections into animals have produced localized irritation of tissue surrounding injection sites and some thickening of veins after intravenous use.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. It is used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p589) Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors which mediate sleep, affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Essentially complete, with a bioavailability of 93%.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
* 0.8 to 1.0 L/kg [young healthy males]
▧ Protein binding :
98.5%
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic via the Cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The main active metabolite is desmethyldiazepam, in addition to minor active metabolites including temazepam and oxazepam.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Diazepam and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine, predominantly as their glucuronide conjugates.
▧ Half Life :
Biphasic 1-2 days and 2-5 days, active metabolites with long half lives.
▧ Clearance :
* 20-30 mL/min
Độc Tính : Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored.
Chỉ Định : Used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Amprenavir Amprenavir may increase the effect and toxicity of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Cimetidine Cimetidine may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Clarithromycin The macrolide, clarithromycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Clozapine Increased risk of toxicity
  • Digoxin The benzodiazepine, diazepam, may increase the effect of digoxin.
  • Erythromycin The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Ethotoin Ethotoin may increase the metabolism of diazepam via CYP3A4.
  • Etravirine Diazepam (a CYP21C9 and CYP3A4 substrate), when administered concomitantly with etravirine, may experience an increase (via CYP21C9 inhibition) or a decrease(via CYP3A4 induction) in serum concentration. Overall clinical significance is unknown. It is recommended to monitor diazepam therapy.
  • Fluconazole Fluconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Fosamprenavir Fosamprenavir may increase the effect and toxicity of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Fosphenytoin Fosphenytoin may increase the metabolism of diazepam via CYP3A4.
  • Indinavir The protease inhibitor, indinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Itraconazole Itraconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Josamycin The macrolide, josamycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Kava Kava may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Ketoconazole Ketoconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Mephenytoin Mephenytoin may increase the metabolism of diazepam via CYP3A4.
  • Nelfinavir The protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Omeprazole Omeprazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Phenytoin Phenytoin may increase the metabolism of diazepam via CYP3A4.
  • Quinupristin This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity
  • Rifampicin Rifampin may decrease the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Ritonavir The protease inhibitor, ritonavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Saquinavir The protease inhibitor, saquinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • St. John's Wort St. John's Wort may decrease the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam.
  • Telithromycin Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Diazepam. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Diazepam if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Ticlopidine Ticlopidine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Diazepam. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for adverse/toxic effects of Diazepam if Ticlopidine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tipranavir Tipranavir may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Diazepam. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for Diazepam toxic effects if Tipranavir is initiated or dose increased.
  • Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Diazepam, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
  • Voriconazole Voriconazole may increase the serum concentration of diazepam by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for diazepam toxicity if voriconazole is initiated or dose increased.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Emulsion - Intramuscular
Gel - Rectal
Solution - Intramuscular
Solution - Oral
Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Orion
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Diapam
  • Công ty : Valeant
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Diastat
  • Công ty : Actavis
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Diazemuls
  • Công ty : Saba
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Nervium
  • Công ty : GlaxoSmithKline
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Relanium
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Valium
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00829
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=3016
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46505210
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C06948
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00293
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2908.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0140-0005-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449283
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazepam
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/diazepam.htm
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/val1473.shtml
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/diazepam.html
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