Tìm theo
Ginkgo biloba
Các tên gọi khác (13 ) :
  • Adiantifolia
  • Bai Guo Ye
  • Baiguo
  • Fossil Tree
  • Ginkgo Folium
  • Herba Ginkgo Biloba
  • Japanese Silver Apricot
  • Kew Tree
  • Maidenhair Tree
  • Pei Go Su Ye
  • Salisburia Adiantifolia
  • Yen Xing
  • Yinhsing
Thuốc có nguồn gốc Thảo dược, Động vật
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
ATC: N06DX02
ĐG : Chain Drug , http://www.chaindrug.com
The extract of the Ginkgo leaves contains flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalides) and has been used pharmaceutically for hundreds of years. It has many alleged nootropic properties, and is mainly used as memory and concentration enhancer, and anti-vertigo agent. Ginkgo extract seems to have three effects on the human body: it improves blood flow (including microcirculation in small capillaries) to most tissues and organs; it protects against oxidative cell damage from free radicals; and it blocks many of the effects of PAF (platelet aggregation, blood clotting) that have been related to the development of a number of cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and CNS (Central Nervous System) disorders.
Dược Lực Học : The mechanism by which ginkgo biloba is thought to be effective for these conditions appears to be in part through active "ginkgolides" terpenoids and flavinoids that appear to inhibit platelet aggregation, neutrophil degranulation, and the induction of oxygen-free radical production
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : The extract of the Ginkgo leaves contains flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalides) and has been used pharmaceutically for hundreds of years. It has many alleged nootropic properties, and is mainly used as memory and concentration enhancer, and anti-vertigo agent. Ginkgo extract seems to have three effects on the human body: it improves blood flow (including microcirculation in small capillaries) to most tissues and organs; it protects against oxidative cell damage from free radicals; and it blocks many of the effects of PAF (platelet aggregation, blood clotting) that have been related to the development of a number of cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and CNS (Central Nervous System) disorders. The compounds found in ginkgo may have a protective role in different stages of the decline of intellectual function via several mechanisms of action: vasoregulating activity of arteries, capillaries, and veins (increased blood flow); platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonism; homeostasis of inflammation and oxidative stress; and prevention of cell membrane damage causedby free radicals; and neurotransmission modulation. The most important substances are flavonoids (ginkgo flavone glycosides) and terpenoids (ginkgolides and bilobalide).The compounds inginkgo act to varying degrees as scavengers for free radicals.
Độc Tính : Fresh seeds are toxic may cause death. Roasted seed and crude ginkgo plant should not be used orally. Consumption of greater than 10 roasted seeds may cause difficulty breathing, weak pulse, seizures, loss of consciousness, and shock. Standardized ginkgo leaf extracts have been used safely in trials lasting several weeks to six years; however, cases of spontaneous hemorrhages have been reported with the conventional use of the standardized extract. As with all medications, individual risk factors must be considered in the assessment of safety of this medication. This medication is well-tolerated at standard oral doses. Ginkgo biloba may cause gastrointestinal upset, headache, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, lack of muscle tone and weakness.
Chỉ Định : Appears to be effective in: alleviating age-related memory impairment in some elderly people with mild to moderate age-related memory or cognitive impairment; improving cognitive function in healthy young to middle-aged people; improving symptoms of Alzheimer's, vascular or mixed dementia; improving damage to the visual field in patients with normal tension glaucoma; decreasing the number of painful attacks in patients with Raynaud's syndrome; and may improve symptoms of vertigo and dizziness in some patients.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Abciximab Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Acenocoumarol Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Acetylsalicylic acid Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Alteplase Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Anagrelide Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Argatroban Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Bivalirudin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Cilostazol Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Citalopram Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Clopidogrel Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Dabigatran etexilate Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects of gingko may increase bleed risk for patients on dabigatran. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Diclofenac Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Diflunisal Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Dipyridamole Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Enoxaparin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Eptifibatide Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Escitalopram Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Etodolac Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Fenoprofen Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Fluoxetine Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Flurbiprofen Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Fluvoxamine Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Fondaparinux sodium Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Ginseng Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Heparin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Ibuprofen Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Indomethacin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Ketoprofen Increased risk of bleeding due to additive antiplatelet properties of the two agents. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored carefully for bleeding, bruising and altered mental status, which may be caused by CNS bleeds.
  • Ketorolac Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Lepirudin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Meclofenamic acid Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Meloxicam Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Nabumetone Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Naproxen Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Oxaprozin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Paroxetine Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Piroxicam Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Prasugrel Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Reteplase Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Rivaroxaban Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • S-Adenosylmethionine Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Sertraline Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Sulindac Ginkgo biloba may enhance the anticoagulant effect of sulindac. Increased risk of bleeding, bruising and altered mental status due to CNS bleeds. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Tacrine Ginkgo biloba may cause additive/toxic cholinergic effects when administered with Tacrine. Monitor for cholinergic toxicity.
  • Tenecteplase Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Tiaprofenic acid Increased risk of bleeding due to additive antiplatelet properties of the two agents. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored carefully for bleeding, bruising and altered mental status, which may be caused by CNS bleeds.
  • Ticlopidine Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Tirofiban Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Tolmetin Increased risk of bleeding due to additive antiplatelet properties of the two agents. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored carefully for bleeding, bruising and altered mental status, which may be caused by CNS bleeds.
  • Trazodone Increased effect and toxicity of both agents
  • Urokinase Increased risk of bleeding.
  • Warfarin Additive anticoagulant/antiplatelet effects may increase bleed risk. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral - 120 mg
Capsule - Oral - 30 mg
Capsule - Oral - 40 mg
Capsule - Oral - 60 mg
Liquid - Oral
Solution / drops - Oral
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Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01381
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449758
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ginkgo.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/ginkgo.html
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