Tìm theo
Metronidazole
Các tên gọi khác (13 ) :
  • 1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
  • 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
  • 1-(beta-Ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole
  • 1-(beta-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
  • 1-(beta-Oxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
  • 1-(β-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole
  • 1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
  • 1-(β-oxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
  • 2-methyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitroimidazole
  • 2-methyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitroimidazole
  • 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol
  • Metronidazol
  • Metronidazolum
Thuốc trị ký sinh trùng, chống nhiễm khuẩn
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 443-48-1
ATC: A01AB17, D06BX01, G01AF01, J01XD01, P01AB01
ĐG : Actavis Group , http://www.actavis.com
CTHH: C6H9N3O3
PTK: 171.154
A nitroimidazole used to treat amebiasis; vaginitis; trichomonas infections; giardiasis; anaerobic bacteria; and treponemal infections. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C6H9N3O3
Phân tử khối
171.154
Monoisotopic mass
171.064391169
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H9N3O3/c1-5-7-4-6(9(11)12)8(5)2-3-10/h4,10H,2-3H2,1H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol
Traditional IUPAC Name
metronidazole
SMILES
CC1=NC=C(N1CCO)[N+]([O-])=O
Độ tan chảy
160.5 °C
Độ hòa tan
9500 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
-0.02
logS
-1.26
pKa (strongest acidic)
15.44
pKa (Strongest Basic)
3.09
PSA
83.87 Å2
Refractivity
41.22 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
15.82 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
3
H Bond Acceptor Count
4
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
1
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Dược Lực Học : Metronidazole, a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent of the nitroimidazole class, is used against protozoa such as Trichomonas vaginalis, amebiasis, and giardiasis. Metronidazole is extremely effective against anaerobic bacterial infections and is also used to treat Crohn's disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and rosacea.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A nitroimidazole used to treat amebiasis; vaginitis; trichomonas infections; giardiasis; anaerobic bacteria; and treponemal infections. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed). Metronidazole is a prodrug. Unionized metronidazole is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce metronidazole to its active form. This reduced metronidazole then covalently binds to DNA, disrupt its helical structure, inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis and resulting in bacterial cell death.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Well absorbed (at least 80%) with peak plasma concentrations achieved in 1-3 hours following oral administration of therapeutic doses of immediate release formulation.
▧ Protein binding :
Less than 20% bound to plasma proteins.
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic metabolism by hydroxylation, oxidation, and glucuronidation.
▧ Half Life :
6-8 hours
Độc Tính : LD50=500 mg/kg/day (orally in rat). Adverse effects include reversible peripheral neuropathy with prolonged therapy, CNS toxicity, disulfiram effect with alcohol, dark red-brown urine, metallic taste, nausea, epigastric distress, dizziness, vertigo and paresthesias associated with high doses, and neutropenia (reversible and mild).
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of anaerobic infections and mixed infections, surgical prophylaxis requiring anaerobic coverage, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis, Helicobacter pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease, bacterial vaginosis, Giardia lamblia gastro-enteritis, amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica, acne rosacea (topical treatment), and Trichomonas infections.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acenocoumarol Metronidazole may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
  • Amobarbital The barbiturate, amobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Amprenavir Increased risk of side effects (oral solution)
  • Anisindione Metronidazole may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
  • Aprobarbital The barbiturate, aprobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Busulfan Metronidazole increases the effect/toxicity of busulfan
  • Butabarbital The barbiturate, butabarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Butalbital The barbiturate, butalbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Butethal The barbiturate, butethal, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Carbamazepine Metronidazole increases the effect of carbamazepine
  • Dicoumarol Metronidazole may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
  • Dihydroquinidine barbiturate The barbiturate, dihydroquinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Disulfiram Possible acute psychosis and confusion
  • Fluorouracil Risk of 5-FU toxicity when associated with metronidazole
  • Heptabarbital The barbiturate, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Hexobarbital The barbiturate, hexobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Lithium Metronidazole increases the effect and toxicity of lithium
  • Methohexital The barbiturate, methohexital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Methylphenobarbital The barbiturate, methylphenobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Pentobarbital The barbiturate, pentobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Phenobarbital The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Primidone The barbiturate, primidone, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Quinidine barbiturate The barbiturate, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Secobarbital The barbiturate, secobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Tacrolimus Metronidazole increases the levels/toxicity of tacrolimus
  • Talbutal The barbiturate, talbutal, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Tamsulosin Metronidazole, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Metronidazole is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
  • Tolterodine Metronidazole may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
  • Tramadol Metronidazole may increase Tramadol toxicity by decreasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
  • Trazodone The CYP3A4 inhibitor, Metronidazole, may increase Trazodone efficacy/toxicity by decreasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Metronidazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Warfarin Metronidazole may increase the serum concentration of warfarin by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or a dose reduction in warfarin. Monitor for changes in prothrombin time and therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if metronidazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral
Cream - Intravaginal
Cream - Topical
Gel - Intravaginal
Gel - Topical
Liquid - Intravenous
Lotion - Topical
Solution - Intravenous
Tablet - Oral
Tablet, extended release - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Acromona
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : MetroCream
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Metrogel
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Metrogel-Vaginal
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : MetroLotion
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Metrolyl
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Metrotop
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Novonidazol
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Orvagil
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Protostat
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Rosadan
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Takimetol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Trichazole
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Trichex
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Trichopol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Tricowas B
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Trikacide
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Trikozol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Vagilen
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Vagimid
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Vandazole
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Vertisal
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Zadstat
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00916
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=4173
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46508911
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00409
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4029.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0299-3835-45
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA450484
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/metron.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/metronidazole.html
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