Tìm theo
Disulfiram
Các tên gọi khác (8 ) :
  • 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-diethylthioformamide)
  • Antabuse (tn)
  • Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
  • Disulfiram
  • N,N,N',N'-tetraethylthiuram disulfide
  • Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide
  • Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide
  • Tetraethylthiuram Disulphide
enzyme inhibitors, alcohol deterrents
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 97-77-8
ATC: N07BB01, P03AA04
ĐG : Dispensing Solutions , http://www.drxdispensing.com
CTHH: C10H20N2S4
PTK: 296.539
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C10H20N2S4
Phân tử khối
296.539
Monoisotopic mass
296.05093141
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H20N2S4/c1-5-11(6-2)9(13)15-16-10(14)12(7-3)8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
N,N-diethyl[(diethylcarbamothioyl)disulfanyl]carbothioamide
Traditional IUPAC Name
N,N-diethyl(diethylcarbamothioyl)disulfanylcarbothioamide
SMILES
CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC
Độ tan chảy
71.5 °C
Độ sôi
117 °C at 1.70E+01 mm Hg
Độ hòa tan
4.09 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
3.88
logS
-4.86
PSA
6.48 Å2
Refractivity
88.24 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
31.6 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
7
H Bond Acceptor Count
0
H Bond Donor Count
0
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
0
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
Dược Lực Học : Disulfiram produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood produces a complex of highly unpleasant symptoms referred to hereinafter as the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. This reaction, which is proportional to the dosage of both disulfiram and alcohol, will persist as long as alcohol is being metabolized. Disulfiram does not appear to influence the rate of alcohol elimination from the body. Prolonged administration of disulfiram does not produce tolerance; the longer a patient remains on therapy, the more exquisitely sensitive he becomes to alcohol.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. [PubChem] Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol at the acetaldehyde stage during alcohol metabolism following disulfiram intake causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood producing highly unpleasant symptoms. Disulfiram blocks the oxidation of alcohol through its irreversible inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which acts in the second step of ethanol utilization. In addition, disulfiram competitively binds and inhibits the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, which may indicate some value in the treatment of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, however this activity has not been extensively studied.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Disulfiram is absorbed slowly from the gastrointestinal tract (80 to 90% of oral dose).
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic.
Độc Tính : LD50=8.6g/kg (orally in rats). Symptoms of overdose include irritation, slight drowsiness, unpleasant taste, mild GI disturbances, and orthostatic hypotension.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment and management of chronic alcoholism
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acenocoumarol Disulfiram may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
  • Aminophylline Disulfiram may increase the effect and toxicity of aminophylline.
  • Amprenavir Increased irsk of side effects (oral solution)
  • Anisindione Disulfiram may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
  • Chlorzoxazone Disulfiram may increase the serum level of chlorzoxazone by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of chlorzoxazone if diltiazem is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Cocaine Increases the cardiac toxicity of cocaine
  • Dicoumarol Disulfiram may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
  • Dyphylline Increases the effect and toxicity of theophylline
  • Ethotoin Increases the effect of phenytoin
  • Fosphenytoin Disulfiram may increase the effect of fosphenytoin.
  • Isoniazid Increased risk of CNS adverse effects
  • Mephenytoin Increases the effect of phenytoin
  • Metronidazole Possible acute psychosis and confusion
  • Oxtriphylline Disulfiram may increase the effect and toxicity of oxtriphylline.
  • Phenytoin Disulfiram may increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of phenytoin.
  • Theophylline Disulfiram may increase the effect and toxicity of theophylline.
  • Tipranavir Disulfiram may cause Tipranavir (Aptivus brand) toxicity by inhibiting alcohol metabolism. Aptivus capsules contain alcohol.
  • Trimethadione Disulfiram, a strong CYP2E1 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimethadione, a CYP2E1 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Trimethadione therapeutic and adverse effects if Disulfiram is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Warfarin Disulfiram may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Disulfiram powder
    Giá bán buôn : USD >1.92
    Đơn vị tính : g
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Antabuse 250 mg tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >4.24
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Antabuse 500 mg tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >6.65
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Actavis
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Antabus
  • Công ty : Actavis
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Antabuse
  • Công ty : Sanofi
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Antaethyl
  • Công ty : Sintofarm
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Antalcol
  • Công ty : Polfa Warszawa
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Anticol
  • Công ty : Sanofi
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Antietanol
  • Công ty : Charoon Bhesaj
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Chronol
  • Công ty : Sanofi
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Esperal
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00822
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=3117
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506008
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C01692
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00131
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3005.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/49884-153-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449376
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfiram
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/disulfiram.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/disulfiram.html
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