Tìm theo
Gemfibrozil
Các tên gọi khác (7 ) :
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)valeriansaeure
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-5-(2,5-xylyloxy)valeriansaeure
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-5-(2,5-xylyloxy)valeric acid
  • Gemfibrozil
  • Gemfibrozilo
  • Gemfibrozilum
  • Lopid
Thuốc tim mạch
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 25812-30-0
ATC: C10AB04
ĐG : Ancheng Pharma Limited
CTHH: C15H22O3
PTK: 250.3334
A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. These decreases occur primarily in the VLDL fraction and less frequently in the LDL fraction. Gemfibrozil increases HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely established. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C15H22O3
Phân tử khối
250.3334
Monoisotopic mass
250.15689457
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H22O3/c1-11-6-7-12(2)13(10-11)18-9-5-8-15(3,4)14(16)17/h6-7,10H,5,8-9H2,1-4H3,(H,16,17)
InChI Key
InChIKey=HEMJJKBWTPKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name
gemfibrozil
SMILES
CC1=CC(OCCCC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=C(C)C=C1
Độ tan chảy
62 °C
Độ sôi
158.5 °C at 2.00E-02 mm Hg
Độ hòa tan
10 mg/mL (in base)
logP
3.4
logS
-4
pKa (strongest acidic)
4.42
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-4.8
PSA
46.53 Å2
Refractivity
71.82 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
28.9 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
6
H Bond Acceptor Count
3
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
-1
Number of Rings
1
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
Dược Lực Học : Gemfibrozil, a fibric acid antilipemic agent similar to clofibrate, is used to treat hyperlipoproteinemia and as a second-line therapy for type IIb hypercholesterolemia. It acts to reduce triglyceride levels, reduce VLDL levels, reduce LDL levels (moderately), and increase HDL levels (moderately).
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. These decreases occur primarily in the VLDL fraction and less frequently in the LDL fraction. Gemfibrozil increases HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely established. [PubChem] Gemfibrozil increases the activity of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LL), thereby increasing lipoprotein triglyceride lipolysis. It does so by activating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) 'transcription factor ligand', a receptor that is involved in metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, as well as adipose tissue differentiation. This increase in the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase thereby increases the clearance of triglycerides. Chylomicrons are degraded, VLDLs are converted to LDLs, and LDLs are converted to HDL. This is accompanied by a slight increase in secretion of lipids into the bile and ultimately the intestine. Gemfibrozil also inhibits the synthesis and increases the clearance of apolipoprotein B, a carrier molecule for VLDL.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract (within 1-2 hours).
▧ Protein binding :
95%
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic. Gemfibrozil mainly undergoes oxidation of a ring methyl group to successively form a hydroxymethyl and a carboxyl metabolite.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Approximately seventy percent of the administered human dose is excreted in the urine, mostly as the glucuronide conjugate, with less than 2% excreted as unchanged gemfibrozil.
▧ Half Life :
1.5 hours
Độc Tính : Oral, mouse: LD50 = 3162 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, joint and muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Chỉ Định : For treatment of adult patients with very high elevations of serum triglyceride levels (types IV and V hyperlipidemia) who are at risk of developing pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) and who do not respond adequately to a strict diet.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acenocoumarol Gemfibrozil may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
  • Anisindione Gemfibrozil may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
  • Atorvastatin Increased risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
  • Bexarotene Gemfibrozil may increase the serum concentration of bexarotene. This combination should be avoided.
  • Carisoprodol Strong CYP2C19 inhibitors such as gemfibrozil may decrease the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates such as carisoprodol. Consider an alternative for one of the interacting drugs in order to avoid toxicity of the substrate. Some combinations are specifically contraindicated by manufacturers. Suggested dosage adjustments are also offered by some manufacturers. Please review applicable package inserts. Monitor for increased effects of the CYP substrate if a CYP inhibitor is initiated/dose increased, and decreased effects if a CYP inhibitor is discontinued/dose decreased.
  • Cerivastatin Increased risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
  • Dabrafenib Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase levels of dabrafenib. Consider alternate therapy.
  • Dicoumarol Gemfibrozil may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.
  • Fluvastatin Increased risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
  • Glimepiride Gemfibrozil increases the effect and toxicity of rosiglitazone/pioglitazone
  • Lovastatin Increased risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
  • Pioglitazone Gemfibrozil may increase the effect and toxicity of pioglitazone.
  • Pitavastatin Increased incidence of adverse drug reactions (ie. rhabdomyolysis) of both gemfibrozil and pitavastatin via pharmacodynamic synergism. Use alternative therapy.
  • Pravastatin Increased risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
  • Repaglinide Gemfibrozil may increase the effect and toxicity of repaglinide.
  • Rosiglitazone Increases the effect and toxicity of rosiglitazone/pioglitazone
  • Rosuvastatin Gemfibrozil may increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of rosuvastatin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of rosuvastatin if gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Simvastatin Increased risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis
  • Tacrine The metabolism of Tacrine, a CYP1A2 substrate, may be reduced by Gemfibrozil, a CYP1A2 inhibitors. Monitor the efficacy and toxicity of Tacrine if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or if the dose is changed.
  • Tamoxifen Gemfibrozil may reduce clearance rate of Tamoxifen. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamoxifen if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tizanidine Gemfibrozil may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tizanidine. Consider alternate therapy or use caution during co-administration.
  • Tolbutamide Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolbutamide, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tolbutamide therapeutic and adverse effects if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Torasemide Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of Torasemide, a CYP2C9 substrate, by decreasing Torasemide metabolism and clearance. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Torasemide if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tretinoin The strong CYP2C8 inhibitor, Gemfibrozil, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of oral Tretinoin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Tretinoin effectiveness and adverse/toxic effects if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued to dose changed.
  • Trimethoprim The strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, Gemfibrozil, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimethoprim, a CYP2C9 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in therapeutic and adverse effects of Trimethoprim if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Trimipramine The strong CYP2C19 inhibitor, Gemfibrozil, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Trimipramine, a CYP2C19 substrate. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in therapeutic and adverse effects of Trimipramine if Gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid The fibric acid derivative decreases the effect of ursodiol
  • Voriconazole Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of voriconazole by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of voriconazole if gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Warfarin Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism of warfarin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Zafirlukast Gemfibrozil, a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of zafirlukast. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in zafirlukast therapeutic and adverse effects if gemfibrozil is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral
Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Gemlipid
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Gen-Fibro
  • Công ty : Teofarma
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Genlip
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Jezil
  • Công ty : Pfizer
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Lipur
  • Công ty : Pfizer
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Lopid
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01241
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=3463
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46508264
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00334
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3345.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0115-9911-13
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449750
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemfibrozil
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/gemfib.htm
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/lop1234.shtml
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/gemfibrozil.html
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