Tìm theo
Caffeine
Các tên gọi khác (18 ) :
  • 1-methyltheobromine
  • 1,3,7-Trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
  • 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
  • 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
  • 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purin-2,6-dion
  • 7-methyltheophylline
  • Anhydrous caffeine
  • Cafeína
  • Caféine
  • Caffeine
  • Coffein
  • Guaranine
  • Koffein
  • Mateína
  • Methyltheobromine
  • Teina
  • Thein
  • Theine
central nervous system stimulants, appetite depressants, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, purinergic p1 re
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 58-08-2
ATC: N06BC01, N02BE01
ĐG : Actavis Group , http://www.actavis.com
CTHH: C8H10N4O2
PTK: 194.1906
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C8H10N4O2
Phân tử khối
194.1906
Monoisotopic mass
194.080375584
InChI
InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
1,3,7-trimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
Traditional IUPAC Name
caffeine
SMILES
CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N2C
Độ tan chảy
238 °C
Độ hòa tan
2.16E+004 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
-0.07
logS
-0.97
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-0.92
PSA
58.44 Å2
Refractivity
49.83 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
18.95 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
0
H Bond Acceptor Count
3
H Bond Donor Count
0
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
caco2 Permeability
-4.41
pKa
10.4 (at 40 °C)
Dược Lực Học : Caffeine, a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline, is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates with apnea of prematurity). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other headache types. Over the counter, caffeine is available to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [PubChem] Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. It is now thought that xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration. The peak plasma level for caffeine range from 6-10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
* 0.8 to 0.9 L/kg [infants] * 0.6 L/kg [adults]
▧ Protein binding :
Low (25 to 36%).
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP 1A2) is involved in caffeine biotransformation. About 80% of a dose of caffeine is metabolized to paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine), 10% to theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and 4% to theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine).
▧ Route of Elimination :
In young infants, the elimination of caffeine is much slower than that in adults due to immature hepatic and/or renal function.
▧ Half Life :
3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonates
Độc Tính : LD50=127 mg/kg (orally in mice)
Chỉ Định : For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Adenosine Caffeine may diminish the therapeutic effect of adenosine. Specific management recommendations vary slightly depending on specific adenosine product used (i.e., therapeutic vs. diagnostic use of adenosine). Significantly higher adenosine doses, or alternative agents, may be required. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of adenosine if the patient is already receiving caffeine. Discontinue caffeine in advance (5 half-lives, or approximately 24 hours, is specifically recommended) of scheduled diagnostic use of adenosine (e.g., for radionuclide imaging studies) whenever possible.
  • Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin may increase the effect and toxicity of caffeine.
  • Clozapine Caffeine increases the effect and toxicity of clozapine
  • Conivaptan Conivaptan may increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 substrates such as caffeine. Upon completion/discontinuation of conivaptan, allow at least 7 days before initiating therapy with drugs that are CYP3A4 substrates.
  • Grepafloxacin Grepafloxacin may increase the effect and toxicity of caffeine.
  • Lithium Caffeine decreases serum levels of lithium
  • Norfloxacin Norfloxacin may increase the effect and toxicity of caffeine.
  • Regadenoson Caffeine may diminish the vasodilatory effect of Regadenoson. Regadenoson prescribing information recommends avoiding using caffeine or other methylxanthine containing products (e.g., theophylline) for at least 12 hours prior the the administration of regadenoson. The impact of low doses of caffeine-containing products such as coffee, tea, and colas is unclear.
  • Tamsulosin Caffeine, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Caffeine is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.
  • Terbinafine Terbinafine may increase the plasma concentration of Caffeine.
  • Thiabendazole The strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, Thiabendazole, may increase the effects and toxicity of Caffeine by decreasing Caffeine metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Caffeine if Thiabendazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tolterodine Caffeine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.
  • Vemurafenib Vemurafenib increases the AUC of caffeine (CYP1A2 substrate) 2.6-fold.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral
Elixir - Oral
Liquid - Oral
Pill - Oral
Solution - Oral
Solution / drops - Oral
Suppository - Rectal
Suspension - Oral
Syrup - Oral
Tablet - Oral
Tablet, extended release - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Cafcit
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Caffedrine
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dexitac
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Durvitan
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Enerjets
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : No-Doz
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Pep-Back
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Quick Pep
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Vivarin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Wake-Up
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=2519
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506408
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07481
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00528
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html
BindingDB
http://www.bindingdb.org/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=10849
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/63323-406-03
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA448710
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/caffeine.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/caffeine.html
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