Tìm theo
Acetaminophen
Các tên gọi khác (18 ) :
  • 4-(Acetylamino)phenol
  • 4-acetamidophenol
  • 4'-hydroxyacetanilide
  • Acenol
  • Acetaminofen
  • Acetaminophen
  • Acetaminophene
  • APAP
  • N-acetyl-p-aminophenol
  • p-acetamidophenol
  • p-acetaminophenol
  • p-Acetylaminophenol
  • p-hydroxyacetanilide
  • p-hydroxyphenolacetamide
  • Panadol
  • Paracetamol
  • Paracetamolum
  • Tylenol
Thuốc giảm đau, hạ sốt, chống viêm không steroid, điều trị Gút và các bệnh xương khớp
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 103-90-2
ĐG : Actavis Group , http://www.actavis.com
CTHH: C8H9NO2
PTK: 151.1626
Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is commonly used for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Its therapeutic effects are similar to salicylates, but it lacks anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and gastric ulcerative effects.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C8H9NO2
Phân tử khối
151.1626
Monoisotopic mass
151.063328537
InChI
InChI=1S/C8H9NO2/c1-6(10)9-7-2-4-8(11)5-3-7/h2-5,11H,1H3,(H,9,10)
InChI Key
InChIKey=RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Traditional IUPAC Name
acetaminophen
SMILES
CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Độ tan chảy
169-171
Độ hòa tan
1.4E+004 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
0.46
logS
-1.03
pKa (strongest acidic)
9.46
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-4.4
PSA
49.33 Å2
Refractivity
42.9 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
15.52 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
1
H Bond Acceptor Count
2
H Bond Donor Count
2
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
1
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
pKa
9.38
Dược Lực Học : Acetaminophen (USAN) or Paracetamol (INN) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications and many prescription analgesics. It is extremely safe in standard doses, but because of its wide availability, deliberate or accidental overdoses are not uncommon. Acetaminophen, unlike other common analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen, has no anti-inflammatory properties or effects on platelet function, and it is not a member of the class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs. At therapeutic doses acetaminophen does not irritate the lining of the stomach nor affect blood coagulation, kidney function, or the fetal ductus arteriosus (as NSAIDs can). Like NSAIDs and unlike opioid analgesics, acetaminophen does not cause euphoria or alter mood in any way. Acetaminophen and NSAIDs have the benefit of being completely free of problems with addiction, dependence, tolerance and withdrawal. Acetaminophen is used on its own or in combination with pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, codeine, hydrocodone, or oxycodone.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is commonly used for its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Its therapeutic effects are similar to salicylates, but it lacks anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and gastric ulcerative effects. Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 enzymes involved in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Unlike NSAIDs, acetaminophen does not inhibit cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues and, thus, has no peripheral anti-inflammatory affects. While aspirin acts as an irreversible inhibitor of COX and directly blocks the enzyme's active site, studies have found that acetaminophen indirectly blocks COX, and that this blockade is ineffective in the presence of peroxides. This might explain why acetaminophen is effective in the central nervous system and in endothelial cells but not in platelets and immune cells which have high levels of peroxides. Studies also report data suggesting that acetaminophen selectively blocks a variant of the COX enzyme that is different from the known variants COX-1 and COX-2. This enzyme is now referred to as COX-3. Its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood, but future research may provide further insight into how it works. The antipyretic properties of acetaminophen are likely due to direct effects on the heat-regulating centres of the hypothalamus resulting in peripheral vasodilation, sweating and hence heat dissipation.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Rapid and almost complete
▧ Protein binding :
25%
▧ Metabolism :
Acetaminophen primarily undergoes glucuronidation (45-55% of the dose) in which this process is facilitated by UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B15 in the liver or UGT1A10 in the gut. 30-35% of the dose undergoes sulfation. This biotransformation is facilitated by SULT1A1, SULT1A3, SULT1A4, SULT1E1 and SULT2A1. A small percentage of acetaminophen is oxidized by CYP2E1 to form N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI), a toxic metabolite which is then conjugated to glutathione and excreted renally. Studies suggest that CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 are the primary cytochrome P450 isozymes responsible for the generation of toxic metabolites. Accumulation of NAPQI may occur if primary metabolic pathways are saturated.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Approximately 80% of acetaminophen is excreted in the urine after conjugation and about 3% is excreted unchanged.
▧ Half Life :
1 to 4 hours
Độc Tính : Oral, mouse: LD50 = 338 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1944 mg/kg. Acetaminophen is metabolized primarily in the liver, where most of it is converted to inactive compounds by conjugation with glucuronic acid and, to a lesser extent, sulfuric acid. Conjugates are then excreted by the kidneys. Only a small portion is excreted in unchanged in urine or oxidized via the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP2E1). Metabolism via CYP2E1 produces a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). The toxic effects of acetaminophen are due to NAPQI, not acetaminophen itself nor any of the major metabolites. At therapeutic doses, NAPQI reacts with the sulfhydryl group of glutathione to produce a non-toxic conjugate that is excreted by the kidneys. High doses of acetaminophen may cause glutathione depletion, accumulation of NAPQI and hepatic necrosis. The maximum daily dose of acetaminophen is 4 g. Liver failure has been observed at doses as low as 6 g per day. As such, the maximum daily and single dose of acetaminophen is currently being reviewed in some countries. N-acetyl-cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, may be administered in the event of acetaminophen toxicity.
Chỉ Định : For temporary relief of fever, minor aches, and pains.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acenocoumarol Acetaminophen may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of acenocoumarol if acetaminophen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Anisindione Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effect of anisindione. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of anisindione if acetaminophen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Dicoumarol Acetaminophen may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of dicumarol if acetaminophen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Eltrombopag Eltrombopag increases acetaminophen levels via decreasing metabolism. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibition with unclear significance.
  • Imatinib Increased hepatic toxicity of both agents
  • Isoniazid Risk of hepatotoxicity
  • Liraglutide These agents may have decreased C max and a delayed T max during coadministration.
  • Warfarin Acetaminophen increases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if acetaminophen is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral - 500 mg
Solution - Oral - 100 mg/ml
Solution - Oral - 167 mg/5 ml
Suppository - Rectal - 120 mg
Suppository - Rectal - 125 mg
Suppository - Rectal - 325 mg
Suppository - Rectal - 650 mg
Suppository - Rectal - 80 mg
Suspension - Oral - 160 mg/5 ml
Tablet - Oral - 325 mg
Tablet - Oral - 500 mg
Tablet, film coated - Oral - 500 mg
Tablet, film coated, extended release - Oral - 650 mg
Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral - 160 mg
Tablet, orally disintegrating - Oral - 80 mg
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Abenol
  • Công ty : Teva
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Acamol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Acephen
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Aceta Elixir
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Aceta Tablets
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Acetalgin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Actamin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Actimol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Algotropyl
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Alvedon
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Aminofen
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Anacin-3
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Anhiba
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Apacet
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Banesin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Calpol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Conacetol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dafalgan
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dapa X-S
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Disprol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dolprone
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dymadon
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dypap
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Enelfa
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Febridol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Febrilix
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Feverall
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Finimal
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Gelocatil
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Genapap
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Genebs
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Injectapap
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Liquiprin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Napafen
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Ofirmev
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Oraphen-PD
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Paldesic
  • Công ty : GlaxoSmithKline
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Panadol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Panofen
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Paraspen
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Parmol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Redutemp
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Rounox
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Salzone
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Snaplets-FR
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : St. Joseph Fever Reducer
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Suppap
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Tapanol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Tempra
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Tylenol
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Valorin
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00316
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=1983
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506142
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C06804
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00217
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.1906.html
BindingDB
http://www.bindingdb.org/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=26197
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/50580-508-20
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA448015
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/apap.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/acetaminophen.html
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