Tìm theo
Zalcitabine
Các tên gọi khác (5 ) :
  • 2',3'-Dideoxycytidine
  • 4-amino-1-[(2R,5S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one
  • DDC
  • DDCYD
  • Dideoxycytidine
Thuốc trị ký sinh trùng, chống nhiễm khuẩn
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 7481-89-2
ATC: J05AF03
ĐG : Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply , http://www.unitdosesupply.com
CTHH: C9H13N3O3
PTK: 211.2178
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkages, which are needed for the elongation of DNA chains, thus resulting in the termination of viral DNA growth. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C9H13N3O3
Phân tử khối
211.2178
Monoisotopic mass
211.095691297
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H13N3O3/c10-7-3-4-12(9(14)11-7)8-2-1-6(5-13)15-8/h3-4,6,8,13H,1-2,5H2,(H2,10,11,14)/t6-,8+/m0/s1
InChI Key
InChIKey=WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N
IUPAC Name
4-amino-1-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
Traditional IUPAC Name
zalcitabine
SMILES
NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@H]1CC[C@@H](CO)O1
Độ tan chảy
217-218 °C
Độ hòa tan
7.64E+004 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
-1.30
logS
-1.5
pKa (strongest acidic)
14.67
pKa (Strongest Basic)
0.18
PSA
88.15 Å2
Refractivity
52.24 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
20.86 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
2
H Bond Acceptor Count
5
H Bond Donor Count
2
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Dược Lực Học : Zalcitabine is an analog of 2'-deoxycytidine that is pharmacologically related to but structurally different from other nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Zalcitabine inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkages, which are needed for the elongation of DNA chains, thus resulting in the termination of viral DNA growth. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy. [PubChem] Zalcitabine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Within cells, zalcitabine is converted to its active metabolite, dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (ddCTP), by the sequential action of cellular enzymes. ddCTP interferes with viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) by competing for utilization of the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCTP), as well as incorpating into viral DNA. Due to it's lack of a 3'-OH group, the formation of a 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage that is necessary for DNA chain elongation is inhibited, thus leading to the termination of viral DNA growth.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Bioavailability is over 80% following oral administration.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
* 0.304 to 0.734 L/kg
▧ Protein binding :
Less than 4%
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic
▧ Route of Elimination :
Renal excretion of unchanged drug appears to be the primary route of elimination, accounting for approximately 80% of an intravenous dose and 60% of an orally administered dose within 24 hours after dosing (n=19). Renal clearance exceeds glomerular filtration rate suggesting renal tubular secretion contributes to the elimination of zalcitabine by the kidneys.
▧ Half Life :
2 hours
▧ Clearance :
* 285 mL/min [HIV-infected patients receiving 1.5 mg IV infusion for 1 hour]
Độc Tính : Acute overdose: Inadvertent pediatric overdoses have occurred with doses up to 1.5 mg/kg zalcitabine. Chronic overdose: in an initial dose-finding study in which zalcitabine was administered at doses 25 times (0.25 mg/kg every 8 hours) the currently recommended dose, one patient discontinued zalcitabine after 1½ weeks of treatment subsequent to the development of a rash and fever.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of Human immunovirus (HIV) infections in conjunction with other antivirals.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Didanosine Additive toxicities (peripheral neuropathy)
  • Lamivudine Lamivudine may reduce the efficacy of zalcitabine. Combination therapy is not recommended.
  • Pentamidine Additive risk of pancreatitis. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Ribavirin Ribavirin may increase the hepatotoxicity of zalcitabine. May cause lactic acidosis. MOnitor for lactic acidosis during concomitant therapy.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Tablet, film coated - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Hivid 0.375 mg tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >2.27
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Hivid 0.75 mg tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >2.84
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : HIVID
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00943
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=24066
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46507879
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07207
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00412
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.22498.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0004-0220-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA451950
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalcitabine
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/zalcit.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/zalcitabine.html
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