Tìm theo
Nitazoxanide
Các tên gọi khác (8 ) :
  • Adrovet
  • Alinia
  • Nitaxozanid
  • Nitaxozanide
  • Nitazoxanida
  • Nitazoxanidum
  • Nodik
  • Omniparax
antiparasitic agents
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 55981-09-4
ATC: P01AX11
ĐG : Industriale Chimica S.R.L.
CTHH: C12H9N3O5S
PTK: 307.282
Nitazoxanide, also known by the brand name Alinia, is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative and an anti-protozoal agent. It is approved for treatment of infectious diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in patients 1 year of age and older. Following oral administration it is rapidly hydrolyzed to its active metabolite, tizoxanide, which is 99% protein bound. Peak concentrations are observed 1–4 hours after administration. It is excreted in the urine, bile and feces. Untoward effects include abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. [Wikipedia]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C12H9N3O5S
Phân tử khối
307.282
Monoisotopic mass
307.026291103
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H9N3O5S/c1-7(16)20-9-5-3-2-4-8(9)11(17)14-12-13-6-10(21-12)15(18)19/h2-6H,1H3,(H,13,14,17)
InChI Key
InChIKey=YQNQNVDNTFHQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
2-[(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl acetate
Traditional IUPAC Name
nitazoxanide
SMILES
CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=NC=C(S1)[N+]([O-])=O
Độ tan chảy
202 °C
Độ hòa tan
7.55e-03 g/l
logP
1.2
logS
-4.6
pKa (strongest acidic)
8.3
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-4.2
PSA
114.11 Å2
Refractivity
73.89 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
27.54 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
5
H Bond Acceptor Count
5
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
Dược Lực Học : Nitazoxanide is an antifolate containing the pyrrolopyrimidine-based nucleus that exerts its antineoplastic activity by disrupting folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies have shown that nitazoxanide inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), all folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Nitazoxanide is transported into cells by both the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, nitazoxanide is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT. Polyglutamation is a time- and concentration-dependent process that occurs in tumor cells and, to a lesser extent, in normal tissues. Polyglutamated metabolites have an increased intracellular half-life resulting in prolonged drug action in malignant cells.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Nitazoxanide, also known by the brand name Alinia, is a synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivative and an anti-protozoal agent. It is approved for treatment of infectious diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in patients 1 year of age and older. Following oral administration it is rapidly hydrolyzed to its active metabolite, tizoxanide, which is 99% protein bound. Peak concentrations are observed 1–4 hours after administration. It is excreted in the urine, bile and feces. Untoward effects include abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. [Wikipedia] The antiprotozoal activity of nitazoxanide is believed to be due to interference with the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism. Studies have shown that the PFOR enzyme from Giardia lamblia directly reduces nitazoxanide by transfer of electrons in the absence of ferredoxin. The DNA-derived PFOR protein sequence of Cryptosporidium parvum appears to be similar to that of Giardia lamblia. Interference with the PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction may not be the only pathway by which nitazoxanide exhibits antiprotozoal activity.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
The relative bioavailability of the suspension compared to the tablet was 70%. When administered with food the AUC and Cmax increased by two-fold and 50%, respectively, for the tablet and 45 to 50% and ≤ 10%, respectively, for the oral suspension.
▧ Protein binding :
Very High (greater than 99%), bound to proteins. Binding is not affected by degree of renal impairment.
▧ Metabolism :
Rapidly hydrolyzed to an active metabolite, tizoxanide (desacetyl-nitazoxanide), followed by conjugation, primarily by glucuronidation to tizoxanide glucuronide.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Tizoxanide is excreted in the urine, bile and feces, and tizoxanide glucuronide is excreted in urine and bile. Approximately two-thirds of the oral dose of nitazoxanide is excreted in the feces and one-third in the urine.
▧ Half Life :
3.5 hours in patients with normal renal function
Độc Tính : In acute studies in rodents and dogs, the oral LD50 was higher than 10,000 mg/kg. Single oral doses of up to 4000 mg nitazoxanide have been administered to healthy adult volunteers without significant adverse effects.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of diarrhea in adults and children caused by the protozoa Giardia lamblia and for the treatment of diarrhea in children caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Suspension - Oral
Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Alinia 500 mg tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >23.22
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Romark
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Alinia
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Alpex Nizox
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : ANNITA
  • Công ty : G&R
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Azoxanid
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Celectan
  • Công ty : Roemmers
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Colufase
  • Công ty : Quilab
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Coluquim
  • Công ty : Siegfried
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Daxon
  • Công ty : General Pharma
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dianide
  • Công ty : ACI
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Diar
  • Công ty : Lafrancol
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  • Công ty : Lafrancol
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  • Công ty : Farmedic
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  • Công ty : California
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Niazid
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    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Nitax
  • Công ty : Beximco
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Nitaxide
  • Công ty : Glenmark
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Nitazet
  • Công ty : Bussié
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Nitazofin
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00507
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=41684
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46507813
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D02486
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.38037.html
BindingDB
http://www.bindingdb.org/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=50182652
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/67546-111-12
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA164754874
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitazoxanide
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/alinia.htm
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/ali1659.shtml
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/nitazoxanide.html
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