Tìm theo
Lindane
Các tên gọi khác (18 ) :
  • (1alpha,2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5alpha,6beta)-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
  • (1R,2c,3t,4c,5c,6t)-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
  • 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
  • Benzene hexachloride
  • gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane
  • gamma-Benzene hexachloride
  • gamma-BHC
  • gamma-HCH
  • gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane
  • gamma-Hexachlorzyklohexan
  • gamma-Lindane
  • Gammallin
  • Gammaxene
  • Kwell
  • Lindan
  • γ-hexachlorocyclohexane
  • γ-Hexachlorzyklohexan
  • γ-lindane
insecticides, antiscabies agents
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 58-89-9
ATC: P03AB02, D08AE01
ĐG : AL and S LLC
CTHH: C6H6Cl6
PTK: 290.83
An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. Lindane has been banned in California, United Kingdom, Australia, and many western countries due to concerns about neurotoxicity and adverse effects on the environment. In Canada, Lindane is not recommmended as a first-line therapy due to reports of resistance, neurotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression, but has been approved by the FDA as a second-line therapy for topical treatment of pediculosis capitis (head lice), pediculosis pubis (pubic lice), or scabies in patients greater than two years of age who cannot tolerate or have failed first-line treatment. Lindane is still allowed for pharmaceutical use until 2015.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C6H6Cl6
Phân tử khối
290.83
Monoisotopic mass
287.860066434
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H6Cl6/c7-1-2(8)4(10)6(12)5(11)3(1)9/h1-6H/t1-,2-,3-,4+,5+,6+
InChI Key
InChIKey=JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-GNIYUCBRSA-N
IUPAC Name
(1R,2S,3r,4R,5S,6r)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
Traditional IUPAC Name
lindane
SMILES
Cl[C@H]1[C@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](Cl)[C@H](Cl)[C@H]1Cl
Độ tan chảy
112.5 °C
Độ sôi
323.4 °C
Độ hòa tan
7.3 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
3.72
logS
-4.7
Refractivity
54.08 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
23.08 Å3
Polar Surface Area (PSA)
0
Rotatable Bond Count
0
H Bond Acceptor Count
0
H Bond Donor Count
0
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
1
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Dược Lực Học : Scabies is a common, highly pruritic infestation of the skin caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (lice). It is a very contagious condition with specific lesions, such as burrows, and nonspecific lesions, such as papules, vesicles and excoriations. The typical areas of the body it affects are finger webs, scalp (hair), wrists, axillary folds, abdomen, buttocks, inframammary folds and genitalia (males). It is characterized by intense night-time itching. Scabies is spread through close personal contact (relatives, sexual partners, schoolchildren, chronically ill patients and crowded communities). Scabies infestations and the corresponding symptoms can be eliminated by killing the scabies with topical insecticides or scabicides. Lindane is a scabicide that is essentially an organochloride insecticide.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : An organochlorine insecticide that has been used as a pediculicide and a scabicide. Lindane has been banned in California, United Kingdom, Australia, and many western countries due to concerns about neurotoxicity and adverse effects on the environment. In Canada, Lindane is not recommmended as a first-line therapy due to reports of resistance, neurotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression, but has been approved by the FDA as a second-line therapy for topical treatment of pediculosis capitis (head lice), pediculosis pubis (pubic lice), or scabies in patients greater than two years of age who cannot tolerate or have failed first-line treatment. Lindane is still allowed for pharmaceutical use until 2015. Lindane is an organochloride insecticide that has similar neurotoxic protperties to DDT. It exerts its parasiticidal action by being directly absorbed through the parasite's exoskeleton (primarily lice, or scabies) and their ova. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(1)) receptor/chloride ionophore complex is the primary site of action for lindane, and other insecticides such as endosulfan, and fipronil. Blockage of the GABA-gated chloride channel reduces neuronal inhibition, which leads to hyperexcitation of the central nervous system. This results in paralysis, convulsions, and death. Lindane has very low ovicidal activity.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Lindane is absorbed significantly through the skin. A mean peak blood concentration of 28 nanograms per mL occurred in infants and children 6 hours after total body application of lindane lotion for scabies.
▧ Protein binding :
91%
▧ Metabolism :
Primarily hepatic through dechlorination leading to 2-chlorophenol, 0-chlorophenol, chlorocyclohexane, chlorocyclohexanol.
▧ Half Life :
18 hours
Độc Tính : Lindane is a moderately toxic compound via oral exposure, with a reported oral LD50 of 88 to 190 mg/kg in rats. Gamma-HCH (which constitutes 99% of lindane) is generally considered to be the most acutely toxic of the isomers following single administration. It is moderately toxic via the dermal route as well, with reported dermal LD50 values of 500 to 1000 mg/kg in rats, 300 mg/kg in mice, 400 mg/kg in guinea pigs, and 300 mg/kg in rabbits. Acute exposure to lindane may lead to central nervous system stimulation (usually developing within 1 hour), mental/motor impairment, excitation, clonic (intermittent) and tonic (continuous) convulsion. Other adverse reactions include central nervous system toxicity, as well as skin and gastrointestinal changes.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of patients infested with Sarcoptes scabiei or pediculosis capitis who have either failed to respond to adequate doses, or are intolerant of other approved therapies.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Emulsion - Topical
Lotion - Topical
Shampoo - Topical
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Gamene
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Kwell
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Scabene
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00431
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07075
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00360
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/45068-100-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA164754914
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindane
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/lindane.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/lindane-lotion.html
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