Tìm theo
L-Glutamine
Các tên gọi khác (16 ) :
  • (2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
  • (2S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid
  • (S)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid
  • Glutamic acid 5-amide
  • Glutamic acid amide
  • GLUTAMINE
  • L-(+)-glutamine
  • L-2-aminoglutaramic acid
  • L-Glutamic acid gamma-amide
  • L-glutamic acid γ-amide
  • L-Glutamin
  • L-Glutamine
  • L-Glutaminsaeure-5-amid
  • L-Glutaminsäure-5-amid
  • Levoglutamide
  • Q
dietary supplements, micronutrients, supplements, non essential amino acids
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 56-85-9
ATC: A16AA03
ĐG : Emmaus Medical Inc. , http://www.emmausmedical.com
CTHH: C5H10N2O3
PTK: 146.1445
A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C5H10N2O3
Phân tử khối
146.1445
Monoisotopic mass
146.069142196
InChI
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
InChI Key
InChIKey=ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name
L-glutamine
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O
Độ tan chảy
185.5 dec °C
Độ hòa tan
4.13E+004 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
-3.64
logS
-0.55
pKa (strongest acidic)
2.15
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.31
PSA
106.41 Å2
Refractivity
33.11 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
13.87 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
4
H Bond Acceptor Count
4
H Bond Donor Count
3
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
0
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
pKa
2.17
Dược Lực Học : Like other amino acids, glutamine is biochemically important as a constituent of proteins. Glutamine is also crucial in nitrogen metabolism. Ammonia (formed by nitrogen fixation) is assimilated into organic compounds by converting glutamic acid to glutamine. The enzyme which accomplishes this is called glutamine synthetase. Glutamine can then be used as a nitrogen donor in the biosynthesis of many compounds, including other amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. [PubChem] Supplemental L-glutamine's possible immunomodulatory role may be accounted for in a number of ways. L-glutamine appears to play a major role in protecting the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract and, in particular, the large intestine. During catabolic states, the integrity of the intestinal mucosa may be compromised with consequent increased intestinal permeability and translocation of Gram-negative bacteria from the large intestine into the body. The demand for L-glutamine by the intestine, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes, appears to be much greater than that supplied by skeletal muscle, the major storage tissue for L-glutamine. L-glutamine is the preferred respiratory fuel for enterocytes, colonocytes and lymphocytes. Therefore, supplying supplemental L-glutamine under these conditions may do a number of things. For one, it may reverse the catabolic state by sparing skeletal muscle L-glutamine. It also may inhibit translocation of Gram-negative bacteria from the large intestine. L-glutamine helps maintain secretory IgA, which functions primarily by preventing the attachment of bacteria to mucosal cells. L-glutamine appears to be required to support the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, as well as the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It is also required for the maintenance of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK). L-glutamine can enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. It can lead to an increased synthesis of glutathione in the intestine, which may also play a role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa by ameliorating oxidative stress. The exact mechanism of the possible immunomodulatory action of supplemental L-glutamine, however, remains unclear. It is conceivable that the major effect of L-glutamine occurs at the level of the intestine. Perhaps enteral L-glutamine acts directly on intestine-associated lymphoid tissue and stimulates overall immune function by that mechanism, without passing beyond the splanchnic bed.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism
▧ Metabolism :
Enterocytes, Hepatic
Độc Tính : Doses of L-glutamine up to 21 grams daily appear to be well tolerated. Reported adverse reactions are mainly gastrointestinal and not common. They include constipation and bloating. There is one older report of two hypomanic patients whose manic symptoms were exacerbated following the use of 2 to 4 grams daily of L-glutamine. The symptoms resolved when the L-glutamine was stopped. These patients were not rechallenged, nor are there any other reports of this nature.
Chỉ Định : Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Argiment packets
    Giá bán buôn : USD >2.43
    Đơn vị tính : packet
  • Biệt dược thương mại : L-glutamine crystals
    Giá bán buôn : USD >3.76
    Đơn vị tính : g
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Glutamic-500 tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >0.05
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Impact glutamine liquid
    Giá bán buôn : USD >0.05
    Đơn vị tính : ml
  • Biệt dược thương mại : L-glutamine 500 mg tablet
    Giá bán buôn : USD >0.12
    Đơn vị tính : tablet
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Amerifit
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Earthlink Science Glutamine Chews Chocolate
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Glutamine Express
  • Công ty : Twinlab
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Glutamine Fuel Mega
  • Công ty : Twinlab
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Glutamine Fuel Powder
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : L-Glutamine Power
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : NutreStore
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00130
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C00064
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00015
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/42457-001
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA10090
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Glutamine
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/lgl_0125.shtml
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