L-Citrulline
Các tên gọi khác (15
) :
- (S)-2-Amino-5-ureidopentanoic acid
- 2-Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid
- alpha-amino-delta-Ureidovaleric acid
- Cit
- Citrulline
- delta-Ureidonorvaline
- L-2-Amino-5-ureidovaleric acid
- L-Citrulline
- N(5)-(Aminocarbonyl)-L-ornithine
- N(delta)-Carbamylornithine
- N5-(Aminocarbonyl)ornithine
- N5-Carbamoyl-L-ornithine
- N5-carbamoylornithine
- α-amino-δ-ureidovaleric acid
- δ-ureidonorvaline
dietary supplements, micronutrients, supplements, non essential amino acids
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 372-75-8
ĐG :
Medisca Inc.
, http://www.medisca.com
CTHH: C6H13N3O3
PTK: 175.1857
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
Phân tử khối
175.1857
Monoisotopic mass
175.095691297
InChI
InChI=1S/C6H13N3O3/c7-4(5(10)11)2-1-3-9-6(8)12/h4H,1-3,7H2,(H,10,11)(H3,8,9,12)/t4-/m0/s1
InChI Key
InChIKey=RHGKLRLOHDJJDR-BYPYZUCNSA-N
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamoylamino)pentanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name
L-citrulline
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=O)C(O)=O
Độ tan chảy
235.5 °C
Độ hòa tan
200 g/L (at 20 °C)
logP
-3.19
logS
-0.9
pKa (strongest acidic)
2.27
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.23
PSA
118.44 Å2
Refractivity
41.33 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
17.35 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
5
H Bond Acceptor Count
4
H Bond Donor Count
4
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
0
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
pKa
2.43 (at 25 °C)
Dược Lực Học :
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng :
NOS is a heme-containing enzyme with some sequences similar to cytochrome P-450 reductase. Several isoforms of NOS exist, two of which are constitutive and one of which is inducible by immunological stimuli. The constitutive NOS found in the vascular endothelium is designated eNOS and that present in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system is designated nNOS. The form of NOS induced by immunological or inflammatory stimuli is known as iNOS. iNOS may be expressed constitutively in select tissues such as lung epithelium.
All the nitric oxide synthases use NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen (O2) as cosubstrates, as well as the cofactors FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), tetrahydrobiopterin and heme. Interestingly, ascorbic acid appears to enhance NOS activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. eNOS and nNOS synthesize NO in response to an increased concentration of calcium ions or in some cases in response to calcium-independent stimuli, such as shear stress. In vitro studies of NOS indicate that the Km of the enzyme for L-arginine is in the micromolar range. The concentration of L-arginine in endothelial cells, as well as in other cells, and in plasma is in the millimolar range. What this means is that, under physiological conditions, NOS is saturated with its L-arginine substrate. In other words, L-arginine would not be expected to be rate-limiting for the enzyme, and it would not appear that supraphysiological levels of L-arginine which could occur with oral supplementation of the amino acid would make any difference with regard to NO production. The reaction would appear to have reached its maximum level. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, e.g. hypercholesterolemia, L-arginine could enhance endothelial-dependent vasodilation and NO production.
NOS is a heme-containing enzyme with some sequences similar to cytochrome P-450 reductase. Several isoforms of NOS exist, two of which are constitutive and one of which is inducible by immunological stimuli. The constitutive NOS found in the vascular endothelium is designated eNOS and that present in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system is designated nNOS. The form of NOS induced by immunological or inflammatory stimuli is known as iNOS. iNOS may be expressed constitutively in select tissues such as lung epithelium.
All the nitric oxide synthases use NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and oxygen (O2) as cosubstrates, as well as the cofactors FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), FMN (flavin mononucleotide), tetrahydrobiopterin and heme. Interestingly, ascorbic acid appears to enhance NOS activity by increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin. eNOS and nNOS synthesize NO in response to an increased concentration of calcium ions or in some cases in response to calcium-independent stimuli, such as shear stress. In vitro studies of NOS indicate that the Km of the enzyme for L-arginine is in the micromolar range. The concentration of L-arginine in endothelial cells, as well as in other cells, and in plasma is in the millimolar range. What this means is that, under physiological conditions, NOS is saturated with its L-arginine substrate. In other words, L-arginine would not be expected to be rate-limiting for the enzyme, and it would not appear that supraphysiological levels of L-arginine which could occur with oral supplementation of the amino acid would make any difference with regard to NO production. The reaction would appear to have reached its maximum level. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, e.g. hypercholesterolemia, L-arginine could enhance endothelial-dependent vasodilation and NO production.
Chỉ Định :
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
-
Biệt dược thương mại : L-citrulline powderGiá bán buôn : USD >1.01Đơn vị tính : g
Đóng gói
-
Công ty : Medisca Inc.Website : http://www.medisca.com
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
PubChem Compound
PubChem Substance
KEGG Compound
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