Tìm theo
Insulin, isophane
Các tên gọi khác (2) :
  • Isophane Insulin
  • NPH Insulin
Insulin và nhóm Thuốc hạ đường huyết
Thuốc Gốc
Biotech
CAS: 53027-39-7
CTHH: C257H383N65O77S6
PTK: 5808 Daltons
Isophane insulin or NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn) is an intermediate-acting insulin to improve glycemic control. It is synthesized using a strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered to produce human insulin. Human insulin isophane suspension consists of a crystalline suspension of human insulin with protamine and zinc. This combination results in an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset of action and longer duration of activity than regular human insulin.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C257H383N65O77S6
Phân tử khối
5808 Daltons
Dược Lực Học : When 0.3 Units/kg of NPH insulin was subcutaneously administered, the onset of action was approximately 0.8 hours. The duration of action was 13.2 hours. The peak activity of NPH insulin occurs 4-6 hours post-dose. Compared to insulin glargine, NPH insulin has a quicker onset of action and shorter duration of action.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Isophane insulin or NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn) is an intermediate-acting insulin to improve glycemic control. It is synthesized using a strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that has been genetically altered to produce human insulin. Human insulin isophane suspension consists of a crystalline suspension of human insulin with protamine and zinc. This combination results in an intermediate-acting insulin with a slower onset of action and longer duration of activity than regular human insulin. The primary activity of insulin is the regulation of glucose metabolism. Insulin promotes glucose and amino acid uptake into muscle and adipose tissues, and other tissues except brain and liver. It also has an anabolic role in stimulating glycogen, fatty acid, and protein synthesis. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Insulin binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor is able to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. These activated proteins, in turn, lead to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC) which play a critical role in metabolism and catabolism
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
NPH insulin is generally well and rapidly absorbed from the site of injection. Absorption does not differ if it is subcutaneously administered in the thigh or abdomen. when 0.5 IU/kg of NPH insulin was given to adult type 1 diabetes patients before breakfast, the pharmacokinetic parameters are as follows: AUC (0-24hours) = 111,941 ± 77,941 pmol · l-1 · min-1; Cmax = 149 ± 121 pmol/l; Tmax = 480 ± 237 minute. It is important to note that NPH insulin has a high degree of patient variability in its absorption profile.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
0.15 L/kg
▧ Protein binding :
5% protein bound
▧ Metabolism :
Insulin is predominantly cleared by metabolic degradation via a receptor-mediated process.
Độc Tính : Hypoglycemia is one of the most frequent adverse events experienced by insulin users.
Chỉ Định : Used to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Suspension - Subcutaneous - 100 units/mL
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Lilly
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Humulin N
  • Công ty : Lilly
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Humulin N Pen
  • Công ty : Leo
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : lnsulatard
  • Công ty : Novo Nordisk
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Novolin N
  • Công ty : Novo Nordisk
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Novolin N Relion
  • Công ty : Novo Nordisk
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Novolin NPH
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08914
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D04547
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0002-8315-01
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPH_insulin
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/novolin-n-innolet-drug.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/mtm/insulin-isophane.html
... loading
... loading