Tìm theo
Insulin Glargine
Các tên gọi khác (1) :
  • Insulin Glargine (rDNA origin)
Insulin và nhóm Thuốc hạ đường huyết
Thuốc Gốc
Biotech
CAS: 160337-95-1
ĐG : Gruppo Lepetit SPA
CTHH: C267H404N72O78S6
PTK: 6063 Daltons
Insulin glargine is produced by recombinant DNA technology using a non-pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli (K12) as the production organism. It is an analogue of human insulin made by replacing the asparagine residue at position A21 of the A-chain with glycine and adding two arginines to the C-terminus (positions B31 and 32) of the B-chain. The resulting protein is soluble at pH 4 and forms microprecipitates at physiological pH 7.4. Small amounts of insulin glargine are slowly released from microprecipitates giving the drug a long duration of action (up to 24 hours) and no pronounced peak concentration.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C267H404N72O78S6
Phân tử khối
6063 Daltons
Độ tan chảy
81 °C
Độ kỵ nước
0.098
Điểm đẳng điện tích
6.88
Dược Lực Học : Insulin is a natural hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas. In non-diabetic individuals, a basal level of insulin is supplemented with insulin spikes following meals. Increased insulin secretion following meals is responsible for the metabolic changes that occur as the body transitions from a postabsorptive to absorptive state. Insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose, particularly in muscle and adipose tissues, promotes energy storage via glycogenesis, opposes catabolism of energy stores, increases DNA replication and protein synthesis by stimulating amino acid uptake by liver, muscle and adipose tissue, and modifies the activity of numerous enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. Insulin also promotes growth and is required for the actions of growth hormone (e.g. protein synthesis, cell division, DNA synthesis). Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue with a flat and predictable action profile. It is used to mimic the basal levels of insulin in diabetic individuals. The onset of action of insulin glargine is approximately 90 minutes and its duration of action is up to 24 hours. The action profile of insulin glargine is peakless. The significance of this finding is that insulin glargine has a lower chance of nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Insulin glargine is produced by recombinant DNA technology using a non-pathogenic laboratory strain of Escherichia coli (K12) as the production organism. It is an analogue of human insulin made by replacing the asparagine residue at position A21 of the A-chain with glycine and adding two arginines to the C-terminus (positions B31 and 32) of the B-chain. The resulting protein is soluble at pH 4 and forms microprecipitates at physiological pH 7.4. Small amounts of insulin glargine are slowly released from microprecipitates giving the drug a long duration of action (up to 24 hours) and no pronounced peak concentration. Insulin glargine binds to the insulin receptor (IR), a heterotetrameric protein consisting of two extracellular alpha units and two transmembrane beta units. The binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of IR stimulates the tyrosine kinase activity intrinsic to the beta subunit of the receptor. The bound receptor autophosphorylates and phosphorylates numerous intracellular substrates such as insulin receptor substrates (IRS) proteins, Cbl, APS, Shc and Gab 1. Activation of these proteins leads to the activation of downstream signaling molecules including PI3 kinase and Akt. Akt regulates the activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and protein kinase C (PKC), both of which play critical roles in metabolism. Insulin glargine is completely soluble at pH 4, the pH of administered solution, and has low solubility at physiological pH 7.4. Upon subcuteous injection, the solution is neutralized resulting in the formation of microprecipitates. Small amounts of insulin glargine are released from microprecipitates giving the drug a relatively constant concentration over time profile over 24 hours with no pronounced peak. This release mechanism allows the drug to mimic basal insulin levels within the body.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Because of the modifications to the A and B chain, the isoelectric point shifts towards a neutral pH and insulin glargine is more stable in acidic conditions than regular insulin. As insulin glargine is less soluble at neutral pH, once injected, forms microprecipitates. Slow release of insulin glargine from microprecipitates provides a relatively constant concentration of insulin over 24 hours. Onset of action is approximately 1.1 hours.
▧ Metabolism :
Partly metabolized to two active metabolites with similar in vitro activity to insulin: A21-Gly-insulin and A21-Gly-des-B30-Thr-insulin.
▧ Half Life :
Not reported in humans; 30 hours in vitro in mammalian reticulocytes.
Độc Tính : Inappropriately high dosages relative to food intake and/or energy expenditure may result in severe and sometimes prolonged and life-threatening hypoglycemia. Neurogenic (autonomic) signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include trembling, palpitations, sweating, anxiety, hunger, nausea and tingling. Neuroglycopenic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include difficulty concentrating, lethargy/weakness, confusion, drowsiness, vision changes, difficulty speaking, headache, and dizziness. Mild hypoglycemia is characterized by the presence of autonomic symptoms. Moderate hypoglycemia is characterized by the presence of autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Individuals may become unconscious in severe cases of hypoglycemia. Other adverse events that may occur include allergic reaction, injection site reaction, lipodystrophy, pruritis, and rash.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus in patients over 17 years old who require a long-acting (basal) insulin for the control of hyperglycemia. May be used in pediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus who require a long-acting (basal) insulin for glycemic control.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Acebutolol The beta-blocker, acebutolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Atenolol The beta-blocker, atenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Betaxolol The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Bevantolol The beta-blocker, bevantolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Bisoprolol The beta-blocker, bisoprolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Carteolol The beta-blocker, carteolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Carvedilol The beta-blocker, carvedilol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Esmolol The beta-blocker, esmolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Labetalol The beta-blocker, labetolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Metoprolol The beta-blocker, metoprolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Nadolol The beta-blocker, nadolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Oxprenolol The beta-blocker, oxprenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Penbutolol The beta-blocker, penbutolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Pindolol The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Practolol The beta-blocker, practolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Propranolol The beta-blocker, propranolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Somatropin recombinant Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of insulin glargine. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
  • Sotalol The beta-blocker, sotalol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • Timolol The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Injection, solution - Subcutaneous - 100 units/ml
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Sanofi-Aventis
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Lantus
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Lantus OptiSet
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Lantus SoloStar
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00047
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D03250
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0088-2220-60
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449992
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_glargine
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/lantus.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/insulin-glargine-cartridge-systems.html
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