Tìm theo
Hydrochlorothiazide
Các tên gọi khác (3) :
  • Esidrix
  • HCTZ
  • Microzide
Thuốc lợi tiểu
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 58-93-5
ĐG : Abbott Laboratories Ltd. , http://www.abbott.com
CTHH: C7H8ClN3O4S2
PTK: 297.739
A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C7H8ClN3O4S2
Phân tử khối
297.739
Monoisotopic mass
296.964474846
InChI
InChI=1S/C7H8ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-2,10-11H,3H2,(H2,9,12,13)
InChI Key
InChIKey=JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1$l^{6},2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
Traditional IUPAC Name
hydrochlorothiazide
SMILES
NS(=O)(=O)C1=C(Cl)C=C2NCNS(=O)(=O)C2=C1
Độ tan chảy
266-268
Độ hòa tan
722 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
-0.07
logS
-2.62
pKa (strongest acidic)
9.09
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-2.7
PSA
118.36 Å2
Refractivity
63.11 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
25.35 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
1
H Bond Acceptor Count
5
H Bond Donor Count
3
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
caco2 Permeability
-6.06
pKa
7.9
Dược Lực Học : Thiazides such as hydrochlorothiazide promote water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism. [PubChem] Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter (SLC12A3) in the distal convoluted tubule, which is responsible for 5% of total sodium reabsorption. Normally, the sodium-chloride symporter transports sodium and chloride from the lumen into the epithelial cell lining the distal convoluted tubule. The energy for this is provided by a sodium gradient established by sodium-potassium ATPases on the basolateral membrane. Once sodium has entered the cell, it is transported out into the basolateral interstitium via the sodium-potassium ATPase, causing an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium, thereby establishing an osmotic gradient for water reabsorption. By blocking the sodium-chloride symporter, hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces the osmotic gradient and water reabsorption throughout the nephron.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
50-60%
▧ Protein binding :
67.9%
▧ Metabolism :
Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Hydrochlorothiazide is not metabolized but is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. Hydrochlorothiazide crosses the placental but not the blood-brain barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
▧ Half Life :
5.6 and 14.8 hours
Độc Tính : The most common signs and symptoms observed are those caused by electrolyte depletion (hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyponatremia) and dehydration resulting from excessive diuresis. If digitalis has also been administered, hypokalemia may accentuate cardiac arrhythmias. The oral LD50 of hydrochlorothiazide is greater than 10 g/kg in the mouse and rat.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of high blood pressure and management of edema.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Deslanoside Possible electrolyte variations and arrhythmias
  • Diazoxide Significant hyperglycemic effect
  • Digitoxin Possible electrolyte variations and arrhythmias
  • Digoxin Possible electrolyte variations and arrhythmias
  • Dihydrocodeine Dihydrocodeine may enhance the hypotensive effects of thiazide diuretics. It is recommended to monitor therapy.
  • Dofetilide Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias
  • Indacaterol Concomitant therapy may increase the risk of hypokalemia via intracellular shunting. Monitor for adverse effects and especially for cardiovascular effects associated with hypokalemia.
  • Insulin Lispro Concomitant therapy with diuretics may reduce the blood-glucose-lowering effect of insulin lispro.
  • Lithium The thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, may increase serum levels of lithium.
  • Tenoxicam Tenoxicam may antagonize the blood pressure lowering effect of Hydrochlorothiazide. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effect of Hydrochlorothiazide if Tenoxicam is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Trandolapril The thiazide diuretic, Hydrochlorothiazide, may increase the hypotensive effect of Trandolapril. Hydrochlorothiazide may also increase the nephrotoxicity of Trandolapril. Monitor for postural hypotension at initiation of concomitant therapy and renal dysfunction during chronic therapy.
  • Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Apotex
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Apo-hydro
  • Công ty : M & H
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Dichlotride
  • Công ty : Novartis
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Esidrex
  • Công ty : Merck
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Hydrodiuril
  • Công ty : Merck
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : HydroDIURIL
  • Công ty : Watson
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Microzide
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00999
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00340
BindingDB
http://www.bindingdb.org/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=13076
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0378-3603-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449899
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/hctz.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/hctz.html
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