Tìm theo
Heroin
Các tên gọi khác (8 ) :
  • (5alpha,6alpha)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate (ester)
  • 3,6-Diacetylmorphine
  • 7,8-Dihydro-4,5-alpha-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-alpha-diol diacetate
  • diacetylmorphine
  • diamorphine
  • Heroin
  • morphine diacetate
  • O,O'-diacetylmorphine
Thuốc giảm đau có opioid
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 561-27-3
CTHH: C21H23NO5
PTK: 369.411
A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed) Internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, or sell heroin in the United States and the UK. However, under the name diamorphine, heroin is a legal prescription drug in the United Kingdom.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C21H23NO5
Phân tử khối
369.411
Monoisotopic mass
369.157622851
InChI
InChI=1S/C21H23NO5/c1-11(23)25-16-6-4-13-10-15-14-5-7-17(26-12(2)24)20-21(14,8-9-22(15)3)18(13)19(16)27-20/h4-7,14-15,17,20H,8-10H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,17-,20-,21-/m0/s1
InChI Key
InChIKey=GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N
IUPAC Name
(1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-10-(acetyloxy)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10,15-tetraen-14-yl acetate
Traditional IUPAC Name
heroin
SMILES
[H][C@@]12OC3=C(OC(C)=O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])C=C[C@@H]2OC(C)=O
Độ tan chảy
173 °C
Độ sôi
272-274 °C at 1.20E+01 mm Hg
Độ hòa tan
600 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
1.58
logS
-3.1
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.1
PSA
65.07 Å2
Refractivity
98.43 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
37.9 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
4
H Bond Acceptor Count
4
H Bond Donor Count
0
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
5
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
pKa
7.95 (at 25 °C)
Dược Lực Học : The onset of heroin's effects is dependent on the method of administration. Taken orally, heroin is totally metabolized in vivo into morphine before crossing the blood-brain barrier; so the effects are the same as oral morphine. Take by injection, heroin crosses into the brain. Once in the brain, heroin is rapidly metabolized into morphine by removal of the acetyl groups, therefore, it is known as a prodrug. It is the morphine molecule that then binds with opioid receptors and produces the subjective effects of the heroin high.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed) Internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is illegal to manufacture, possess, or sell heroin in the United States and the UK. However, under the name diamorphine, heroin is a legal prescription drug in the United Kingdom. Heroin is a mu-opioid agonist. It acts on endogenous mu-opioid receptors that are spread in discrete packets throughout the brain, spinal cord and gut in almost all mammals. Heroin, along with other opioids, are agonists to four endogenous neurotransmitters. They are beta-endorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, and met-enkephalin. The body responds to heroin in the brain by reducing (and sometimes stopping) production of the endogenous opioids when heroin is present. Endorphins are regularly released in the brain and nerves, attenuating pain. Their other functions are still obscure, but are probably related to the effects produced by heroin besides analgesia (antitussin, anti-diarrheal).
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Bioavailability is less than 35%.
▧ Protein binding :
0% (morphine metabolite 35%)
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic.
▧ Route of Elimination :
90% renal as glucuronides, rest biliary
▧ Half Life :
<10 minutes
Chỉ Định : Used in the treatment of acute pain, myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary oedema, and chronic pain.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Alvimopan Increases levels by receptor binding competition. Discontinue opioid administration at least 7 days prior to administrating Alvimopan.
  • Cimetidine Cimetidine increases the effect of the narcotic
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Powder, for solution - Intravenous
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01452
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=5462328
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506839
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C06534
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4575379.html
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA452619
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/heroin.html
... loading
... loading