Tìm theo
Fosinopril
Các tên gọi khác (4 ) :
  • (2S,4S)-4-Cyclohexyl-1-[2-[(2-methyl-1-propanoyloxypropoxy)-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
  • (2S,4S)-4-Cyclohexyl-1-{2-[(2-methyl-1-propionyloxy-propoxy)-(4-phenyl-butyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
  • (S)-4-Cyclohexyl-1-{2-[(2-methyl-1-propionyloxy-propoxy)-(4-phenyl-butyl)-phosphinoyl]-acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
  • Fosinopril
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 98048-97-6
ATC: C09AA09
ĐG : Apotex Inc. , http://www.apotex.com
CTHH: C30H46NO7P
PTK: 563.6625
Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing ester prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principle active metabolite. Fosinoprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Fosinopril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C30H46NO7P
Phân tử khối
563.6625
Monoisotopic mass
563.301189343
InChI
InChI=1S/C30H46NO7P/c1-4-28(33)37-30(22(2)3)38-39(36,18-12-11-15-23-13-7-5-8-14-23)21-27(32)31-20-25(19-26(31)29(34)35)24-16-9-6-10-17-24/h5,7-8,13-14,22,24-26,30H,4,6,9-12,15-21H2,1-3H3,(H,34,35)/t25-,26+,30?,39?/m1/s1
InChI Key
InChIKey=BIDNLKIUORFRQP-FKDWWROVSA-N
IUPAC Name
(2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-(2-{[2-methyl-1-(propanoyloxy)propoxy](4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name
(2S,4S)-4-cyclohexyl-1-{2-[2-methyl-1-(propanoyloxy)propoxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
SMILES
CCC(=O)OC(OP(=O)(CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1)CC(=O)N1C[C@@H](C[C@H]1C(O)=O)C1CCCCC1)C(C)C
Độ tan chảy
149-153 °C
Độ hòa tan
Insoluble
logP
6.3
logS
-5.8
pKa (strongest acidic)
3.87
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-4.4
PSA
110.21 Å2
Refractivity
149.12 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
61.17 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
15
H Bond Acceptor Count
5
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
-1
Number of Rings
3
Bioavailability
0
MDDR-Like Rule
true
Dược Lực Học : Following oral administration, fosinopril is rapidly and completely hydrolyzed to its principle active metabolite, fosinoprilat. Hydrolysis is thought to occur in the gastrointestinal mucosa and liver. Fosinoprilat is a competitive inhibitor of ACE, a peptidyl dipeptidase that is part of the RAAS. The RAAS is a homeostatic mechanism for regulating hemodynamics, water and electrolyte balance. During sympathetic stimulation or when renal blood pressure or blood flow is reduced, renin is released from the granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys. In the blood stream, renin cleaves circulating angiotensinogen to ATI, which is subsequently cleaved to ATII by ACE. ATII increases blood pressure using a number of mechanisms. First, it stimulates the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone travels to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting tubule of nephrons where it increases sodium and water reabsorption by increasing the number of sodium channels and sodium-potassium ATPases on cell membranes. Second, ATII stimulates the secretion of vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone or ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland. ADH stimulates further water reabsorption from the kidneys via insertion of aquaporin-2 channels on the apical surface of cells of the DCT and collecting tubules. Third, ATII increases blood pressure through direct arterial vasoconstriction. Stimulation of the Type 1 ATII receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells leads to a cascade of events resulting in myocyte contraction and vasoconstriction. In addition to these major effects, ATII induces the thirst response via stimulation of hypothalamic neurons. ACE inhibitors inhibit the rapid conversion of ATI to ATII and antagonize RAAS-induced increases in blood pressure. ACE (also known as kininase II) is also involved in the enzymatic deactivation of bradykinin, a vasodilator. Inhibiting the deactivation of bradykinin increases bradykinin levels and may further sustain the effects of fosinoprilat by causing increased vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing ester prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principle active metabolite. Fosinoprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Fosinopril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. There are two isoforms of ACE: the somatic isoform, which exists as a glycoprotein comprised of a single polypeptide chain of 1277; and the testicular isoform, which has a lower molecular mass and is thought to play a role in sperm maturation and binding of sperm to the oviduct epithelium. Somatic ACE has two functionally active domains, N and C, which arise from tandem gene duplication. Although the two domains have high sequence similarity, they play distinct physiological roles. The C-domain is predominantly involved in blood pressure regulation while the N-domain plays a role in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. ACE inhibitors bind to and inhibit the activity of both domains, but have much greater affinity for and inhibitory activity against the C-domain. Fosinoprilat, the active metabolite of fosinopril, competes with ATI for binding to ACE and inhibits and enzymatic proteolysis of ATI to ATII. Decreasing ATII levels in the body decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the pressor effects of ATII as described in the Pharmacology section above. Fosinoprilat also causes an increase in plasma renin activity likely due to a loss of feedback inhibition mediated by ATII on the release of renin and/or stimulation of reflex mechanisms via baroreceptors.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Average absolute absorption is 36%. The primary site of absorption is the proximal small intestine (duodenum/jejunum). Food slows the rate of absorption with no effect on the extent of absorption.
▧ Protein binding :
Fosinoprilat is ≥95% protein bound
▧ Metabolism :
Since fosinoprilat is not biotransformed after intravenous administration, fosinopril, not fosinoprilat, appears to be the precursor for the glucuronide and p-hydroxy metabolites.
▧ Route of Elimination :
After oral administration of radiolabeled fosinopril, approximately half of the absorbed dose is excreted in the urine and the remainder is excreted in the feces.
▧ Half Life :
12 hours
▧ Clearance :
* 26 - 39 mL/min [healthy]
Độc Tính : Human overdoses of fosinopril have not been reported, but the most common manifestation of human fosinopril overdosage is likely to be hypotension. Oral doses of fosinopril at 2600 mg/kg in rats were associated with significant lethality. The most common adverse effects include dizzines, cough, fatigue, and headache.
Chỉ Định : For treating mild to moderate hypertension, use as an adjunct in treating congestive heart failure, and may be used to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Amiloride Increased risk of hyperkalemia
  • Azilsartan medoxomil Pharmacodynamic synergism: dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system. Increases risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment.
  • Drospirenone Increased risk of hyperkalemia
  • Icatibant Icatibant may attenuate the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors by pharmacodynamic antagonism. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
  • Lithium The ACE inhibitor increases serum levels of lithium
  • Potassium Increased risk of hyperkalemia
  • Spironolactone Increased risk of hyperkalemia
  • Tizanidine Tizanidine increases the risk of hypotension with the ACE inhibitor
  • Tobramycin Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
  • Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
  • Triamterene Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Tablet - Oral - 10 mg
Tablet - Oral - 20 mg
Tablet - Oral - 40 mg
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Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00492
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=55891
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506495
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07016
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00622
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.50469.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/62037-935-90
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449710
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosinopril
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/fosinop.htm
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/rx/rx-mono.aspx?contentFileName=Mon1274.html&contentName=Monopril&contentId=
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/fosinopril.html
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