Tìm theo
Formoterol
Các tên gọi khác (4 ) :
  • 2'-Hydroxy-5'-(1-hydroxy-2-((P-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)amino)ethyl)formanilide
  • 2'-Hydroxy-5'-{1-hydroxy-2-[(P-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)amino]ethyl}formanilide
  • Formoterolum
  • N-[2-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide
Thuốc tác dụng trên đường hô hấp
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 73573-87-2
ATC: R03AC13
ĐG : AstraZeneca Inc. , http://www.astrazeneca.ca
CTHH: C19H24N2O4
PTK: 344.4049
Formoterol is a long-acting (12 hours) beta2-agonist used in the management of asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhaled formoterol works like other beta2-agonists, causing bronchodilatation through relaxation of the smooth muscle in the airway so as to treat the exacerbation of asthma.
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C19H24N2O4
Phân tử khối
344.4049
Monoisotopic mass
344.173607266
InChI
InChI=1S/C19H24N2O4/c1-13(9-14-3-6-16(25-2)7-4-14)20-11-19(24)15-5-8-18(23)17(10-15)21-12-22/h3-8,10,12-13,19-20,23-24H,9,11H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22)
InChI Key
InChIKey=BPZSYCZIITTYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide
Traditional IUPAC Name
formoterol
SMILES
COC1=CC=C(CC(C)NCC(O)C2=CC(NC=O)=C(O)C=C2)C=C1
Độ hòa tan
Slightly (as fumarate salt)
logP
2.2
logS
-3.9
pKa (strongest acidic)
8.61
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.81
PSA
90.82 Å2
Refractivity
97.87 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
36.56 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
8
H Bond Acceptor Count
5
H Bond Donor Count
4
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
Dược Lực Học : Formoterol is a long-acting selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist (beta2-agonist). Inhaled formoterol fumarate acts locally in the lung as a bronchodilator. In vitro studies have shown that formoterol has more than 200-fold greater agonist activity at beta2-receptors than at beta1- receptors. Although beta2-receptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-receptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta2-receptors in the human heart comprising 10%-50% of the total beta-adrenergic receptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but they raise the possibility that even highly selective beta2- agonists may have cardiac effects.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : Formoterol is a long-acting (12 hours) beta2-agonist used in the management of asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhaled formoterol works like other beta2-agonists, causing bronchodilatation through relaxation of the smooth muscle in the airway so as to treat the exacerbation of asthma. The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including formoterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory mast-cell mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes. Formoterol also inhibits histamine-induced plasma albumin extravasation in anesthetized guinea pigs and inhibits allergen-induced eosinophil influx in dogs with airway hyper-responsiveness. The relevance of these in vitro and animal findings to humans is unknown.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Rapidly absorbed into plasma following administration by oral inhalation. It is likely that the majority of the inhaled formoterol delivered is swallowed and then absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
▧ Protein binding :
The binding of formoterol to human plasma proteins in vitro was 61%-64% at concentrations from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL. Binding to human serum albumin in vitro was 31%-38% over a range of 5 to 500 ng/mL. The concentrations of formoterol used to assess the plasma protein binding were higher than those achieved in plasma following inhalation of a single 120 µg dose.
▧ Metabolism :
Metabolized primarily by direct glucuronidation at either the phenolic or aliphatic hydroxyl group and O-demethylation followed by glucuronide conjugation at either phenolic hydroxyl groups. Minor pathways involve sulfate conjugation of formoterol and deformylation followed by sulfate conjugation. The most prominent pathway involves direct conjugation at the phenolic hydroxyl group. The second major pathway involves O-demethylation followed by conjugation at the phenolic 2'-hydroxyl group. Four cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP2A6) are involved in the O-demethylation of formoterol.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Following inhalation of a 12 mcg or 24 mcg dose by 16 patients with asthma, about 10% and 15%-18% of the total dose was excreted in the urine as unchanged formoterol and direct conjugates of formoterol, respectively.
▧ Half Life :
10 hours
▧ Clearance :
* Renal cl=150 mL/min [Healty subjects receiving oral administration of 80 mcg]
Độc Tính : An overdosage is likely to lead to effects that are typical of ß2-adrenergic stimulants: nausea, vomiting, headache, tremor, somnolence, palpitations, tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia.
Chỉ Định : For use as long-term maintenance treatment of asthma in patients 6 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airways disease, including patients with symptoms of nocturnal asthma, who are using optimal corticosteroid treatment and experiencing regular or frequent breakthrough symptoms requiring use of a short-acting bronchodilator. Not indicated for asthma that can be successfully managed with occasional use of an inhaled, short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist. Also used for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, as well as long-term treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Aerosol, metered - Respiratory (inhalation)
Capsule - Respiratory (inhalation)
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Foradil
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Foradile
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Oxeze Turbuhaler
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Oxis Turbuhaler
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Perforomist
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00983
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=3410
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46507099
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07805
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3292.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0085-1402-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA134687907
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formoterol
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/foradil.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/formoterol.html
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