Tìm theo
Chloral hydrate
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 302-17-0
ATC: N05CC01
ĐG : Amerifit Inc. , http://www.amerifit.com
CTHH: C2H3Cl3O2
PTK: 165.403
A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C2H3Cl3O2
Phân tử khối
165.403
Monoisotopic mass
163.919862461
InChI
InChI=1S/C2H3Cl3O2/c3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h1,6-7H
InChI Key
InChIKey=RNFNDJAIBTYOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol
Traditional IUPAC Name
chloral hydrate
SMILES
OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
Độ tan chảy
57 °C
Độ sôi
98 °C
Độ hòa tan
7.93E+005 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
0.99
logS
-0.58
pKa (strongest acidic)
9.51
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-5.1
PSA
40.46 Å2
Refractivity
29.25 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
11.88 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
1
H Bond Acceptor Count
2
H Bond Donor Count
2
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
0
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Rapidly absorbed in the GI tract following oral or rectal administration. Chloral hydrate and its active metabolite, trichloroethanol, have been detected in CSF, umbilical cord blood, fetal blood, and amniotic fluid.
▧ Metabolism :
Metabolized by the liver and erythrocytes to form trichloroethanol, an active metabolite. This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase and other enzymes. Oxidation of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol to trichloroacetic acid in the liver and kidneys also occurs to a lesser extent. Trichloroethanol also undergoes glucuronidation to produce an inactive metabolism.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Trichloroethanol, trichloroethanol glucuronide, and trichloroacetic acid are excreted in the urine. Some trichloroethanol glucuronide may be secreted into bile and excreted in the feces.
Chỉ Định : Mainly used as a hyponotic in the treatment of insomnia; however, it is only effective as a hypnotic for short-term use. May be used as a routine sedative preoperatively to decrease anxiety and cause sedation and/or sleep with respiration depression or cough reflex.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Chloral hydrate, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule - Oral - 500 mg
Solution - Oral - 500 mg/5 ml
Suppository - Rectal - 325 mg
Suppository - Rectal - 500 mg
Suppository - Rectal - 600 mg
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Amerifit Pharma
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Aquachloral Supprettes
  • Công ty : Breckenridge
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Somnote
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01563
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=2707
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46507155
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C06899
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D01302
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2606.html
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA448925
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloral_hydrate
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/chloralhyd.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/chloral-hydrate.html
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