Tìm theo
Carmustine
Các tên gọi khác (9 ) :
  • BCNU
  • Bicnu (tn)
  • bis-chloroethylnitrosourea
  • Bischloroethyl nitrosourea
  • Carmustina
  • Carmustine
  • Carmustinum
  • Gliadel
  • N,N'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea
Thuốc điều trị ung thư
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 154-93-8
ATC: L01AD01
ĐG : Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. , http://www.bms.com
CTHH: C5H9Cl2N3O2
PTK: 214.05
A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C5H9Cl2N3O2
Phân tử khối
214.05
Monoisotopic mass
213.007181961
InChI
InChI=1S/C5H9Cl2N3O2/c6-1-3-8-5(11)10(9-12)4-2-7/h1-4H2,(H,8,11)
InChI Key
InChIKey=DLGOEMSEDOSKAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
Traditional IUPAC Name
1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
SMILES
ClCCNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O
Độ tan chảy
31 °C
Độ hòa tan
4000 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
1.53
logS
-2.1
pKa (strongest acidic)
11.96
pKa (Strongest Basic)
-5.3
PSA
61.77 Å2
Refractivity
46.98 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
18.8 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
5
H Bond Acceptor Count
2
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
0
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
Dược Lực Học : Carmustine is one of the nitrosoureas indicated as palliative therapy as a single agent or in established combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of brain tumors, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Although it is generally agreed that carmustine alkylates DNA and RNA, it is not cross resistant with other alkylators. As with other nitrosoureas, it may also inhibit several key enzymatic processes by carbamoylation of amino acids in proteins.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Carmustine causes cross-links in DNA and RNA, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, RNA production and RNA translation (protein synthesis). Carmustine also binds to and modifies (carbamoylates) glutathione reductase. This leads to cell death.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
5 to 28% bioavailability
▧ Protein binding :
80%
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic and rapid with active metabolites. Metabolites may persist in the plasma for several days.
▧ Route of Elimination :
Approximately 60% to 70% of a total dose is excreted in the urine in 96 hours and about 10% as respiratory CO2.
▧ Half Life :
15-30 minutes
Độc Tính : The oral LD50s in rat and mouse are 20 mg/kg and 45 mg/kg, respectively. Side effects include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea. Toxic effects include pulmonary fibrosis (20-0%) and bone marrow toxicity.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of brain tumors, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's disease and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Bendamustine Increases toxicity through pharmacodynamic synergism. Additive myelosuppression.
  • Cimetidine Increases myelosuppression caused by carmustine
  • Digoxin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of digoxin
  • Fosphenytoin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoin
  • Leflunomide Immunosuppressants such as carmustine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Consider eliminating the use of a leflunomide loading dose in patients who are receiving other immunosuppressants in order to reduce the risk for serious adverse events such as hematologic toxicity. Also, patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressive medication should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly throughout the duration of concurrent therapy.
  • Natalizumab Immunosuppressants such as carmustine may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Patients receiving natalizumab should not use concurrent immunosuppressants.
  • Phenytoin The antineoplasic agent decreases the effect of hydantoin
  • Pimecrolimus Pimecrolimus may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants such as carmustine. Avoid use of pimecrolimus cream in patients receiving immunosuppressants.
  • Roflumilast Roflumilast may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants such as carmustine. The Canadian roflumilast product monograph recommends avoiding concurrent use of roflumilast with any immunosuppressant medications due to the antiinflammatory/immune altering effects of roflumilast and the lack of relevant clinical experience with such use. Of note, this recommendation to avoid concurrent use does not apply to either inhaled corticosteroids (which have much more limited systemic immune-suppressing actions) or short-term systemic corticosteroid use. U.S. prescribing information does not contain this warning; but it appears prudent to avoid this combination when possible.
  • Tacrolimus Tacrolimus (Topical) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of immunosuppressants such as carmustine. Avoid use of tacrolimus ointment in patients receiving immunosuppressants.
  • Trastuzumab Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Powder, for solution - Intravenous
Wafer - Intralesional
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Bicnu 100 mg vial
    Giá bán buôn : USD >205.69
    Đơn vị tính : vial
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Gliadel wafer
    Giá bán buôn : USD >3667.95
    Đơn vị tính : each
  • Biệt dược thương mại : Gliadel Wafer 8 7.7 mg Wafers Box
    Giá bán buôn : USD >22611.26
    Đơn vị tính : box
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Becenun
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : BiCNU
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Carmubris
  • Công ty : Curacell Biotech
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Carustine
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Gliadel
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Gliadel Wafer
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Nitrumon
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00262
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=2578
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506980
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00254
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2480.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0015-3012-60
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA448810
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmustine
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/carmustine.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/carmustine.html
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