Tìm theo
Acarbose
Các tên gọi khác (5 ) :
  • Acarbosa
  • Acarbose
  • Acarbosum
  • Glucobay
  • Precose
Hormon, Nội tiết tố
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 56180-94-0
ATC: A10BF01
ĐG : Arrow Pharm Malta Ltd.
CTHH: C25H43NO18
PTK: 645.6048
An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C25H43NO18
Phân tử khối
645.6048
Monoisotopic mass
645.248013577
InChI
InChI=1S/C25H43NO18/c1-6-11(26-8-2-7(3-27)12(30)15(33)13(8)31)14(32)19(37)24(40-6)43-22-10(5-29)42-25(20(38)17(22)35)44-21-9(4-28)41-23(39)18(36)16(21)34/h2,6,8-39H,3-5H2,1H3/t6-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15+,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23-,24-,25-/m1/s1
InChI Key
InChIKey=XUFXOAAUWZOOIT-JMPDRRIHSA-N
IUPAC Name
(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-{[(1S,4S,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]amino}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol
Traditional IUPAC Name
acarbose
SMILES
C[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1N[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
Độ hòa tan
1.48e+02 g/l
logP
-6.8
logS
-0.64
pKa (strongest acidic)
11.23
pKa (Strongest Basic)
7.03
PSA
321.17 Å2
Refractivity
137.6 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
62.39 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
9
H Bond Acceptor Count
19
H Bond Donor Count
14
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
4
Bioavailability
0
MDDR-Like Rule
true
Dược Lực Học : Used to reduce blood gluose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acarbose is a complex oligosaccharide that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. Acarbose binds to and inhibits alpha amylase and alpha-gluocside hydrolases. In diabetic patients, this enzyme inhibition results in a delayed glucose absorption and a lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) Acarbose reversibly bind to pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolases. These enzymes inhibit hydrolysis of complex starches to oligosaccharides in the lumen of the small intestine and hydrolysis of oligosaccharides, trisaccharides, and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the brush border of the small intestine.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Extremely low bioavailability. Less than 2% of an oral dose of acarbose was absorbed as active drug. Peak plasma concentrations of the active drug were achieved 1 hour after dosing. Drug accumulation does not occur with multiple doses.
▧ Metabolism :
Acarbose is only metabolized within the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal bacteria and also digestive enzymes to a lesser extent. 4-methylpyrogallol derivatives (sulfate, methyl, and glucuronide conjugates) are the major metabolites. One metabolite (formed by cleavage of a glucose molecule from acarbose) also has alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
▧ Route of Elimination :
The fraction of acarbose that is absorbed as intact drug is almost completely excreted by the kidneys. A fraction of the metabolites (approximately 34% of the dose) was absorbed and subsequently excreted in the urine. The active metabolite is excreted into the urine and accounts for less than 2% of the total administered dose. When given intravenously, 89% of the dose was excreted into the urine as the active drug. When given orally, less than 2% of the oral dose was recovered into the urine as active (parent compound and active metabolite) drug.
▧ Half Life :
Healthy volunteers = 2 hours
Độc Tính : Gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common reactions to acarbose.
Chỉ Định : For treatment and management of diabetes type II (used in combination therapy as a second or third line agent)
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Digoxin Acarbose may decrease the serum levels of digoin. It is thought that acarbose reduces digoin absorption. Monitor for changes in digoxin serum levels and therapeutic and adverse effects if acarbose is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Somatropin recombinant Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of acarbose. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Tablet - Oral - 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty : Bayer AG
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Glucobay
  • Công ty : Bayer AG
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Prandase
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Precose
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00284
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=441184
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46508248
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C06802
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00216
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.389971.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/16252-523-01
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA448010
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acarbose
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/acarbose.htm
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/acarbose.html
... loading
... loading