Tìm theo
Phenobarbital
Các tên gọi khác (15 ) :
  • 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
  • 5-Ethyl-5-phenyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione
  • 5-Ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid
  • 5-ethyl-5-phenylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
  • 5-Phenyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid
  • Luminal
  • Phenobarbital
  • Phenobarbitol
  • Phenobarbitone
  • Phenobarbituric Acid
  • Phenylaethylbarbitursaeure
  • Phenylethylbarbiturate
  • Phenylethylbarbituric Acid
  • Phenylethylbarbitursaeure
  • PHENYLETHYLMALONYLUREA
Thuốc điều trị về tâm thần
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 50-06-6
ATC: N03AA02
ĐG : Actavis Group , http://www.actavis.com
CTHH: C12H12N2O3
PTK: 232.2353
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C12H12N2O3
Phân tử khối
232.2353
Monoisotopic mass
232.08479226
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O3/c1-2-12(8-6-4-3-5-7-8)9(15)13-11(17)14-10(12)16/h3-7H,2H2,1H3,(H2,13,14,15,16,17)
InChI Key
InChIKey=DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
Traditional IUPAC Name
phenobarbital
SMILES
CCC1(C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
Độ tan chảy
174 °C
Độ hòa tan
1110 mg/L (at 25 °C)
logP
1.47
logS
-2.9
pKa (strongest acidic)
8.14
PSA
75.27 Å2
Refractivity
59.75 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
22.61 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
2
H Bond Acceptor Count
3
H Bond Donor Count
2
Physiological Charge
0
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
pKa
7.3
Dược Lực Học : Phenobarbital, the longest-acting barbiturate, is used for its anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic properties in the management of all seizure disorders except absence (petit mal).
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. [PubChem] Phenobarbital acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition. This has the effect of elevating seizure threshold and reducing the spread of seizure activity from a seizure focus. Phenobarbital may also inhibit calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in excitatory transmitter release. The sedative-hypnotic effects of phenobarbital are likely the result of its effect on the polysynaptic midbrain reticular formation, which controls CNS arousal.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Absorbed in varying degrees following oral, rectal or parenteral administration. The salts are more rapidly absorbed than are the acids. The rate of absorption is increased if the sodium salt is ingested as a dilute solution or taken on an empty stomach.
▧ Protein binding :
20 to 45%
▧ Metabolism :
Hepatic (mostly via CYP2C19).
▧ Half Life :
53 to 118 hours (mean 79 hours)
Độc Tính : CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may wshow paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, and coma. Typical shock syndrome (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death) may occur.
Chỉ Định : For the treatment of all types of seizures except absence seizures.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Abiraterone Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of abiraterone. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
  • Acenocoumarol The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.
  • Aminophylline The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of aminophylline.
  • Anisindione The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.
  • Asenapine Phenobarbital is a CYP1A2 inducer and may increase metabolism of asenapine.
  • Bendamustine Increases levels of bendamustine by decreasing metabolism. Ethinyl Estradiol is a CYP1A2 inhibitor and concurrent administration may result in elevated plasma concentrations of bendamustine.
  • Betamethasone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, betamethasone.
  • Boceprevir Strong CYP3A4 inducers will decrease levels of boceprevir. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
  • Cabazitaxel Concomitant therapy with a strong CYP3A inducer may decrease concentrations of cabazitaxel. Avoid concomitant therapy.
  • Canagliflozin Nonselective inducers of UGT enzymes may decrease levels of canagliflozin, thus decreasing efficacy. Consider increase the dose to 300 mg once daily.
  • Chlorotrianisene The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, chlorotrianisene.
  • Clomifene The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, clomifene.
  • Conjugated Estrogens The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, conjugated estrogens.
  • Cortisone acetate The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, cortisone acetate.
  • Cyclosporine The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the therapeutic effect of cyclosporine by increasing its metabolism.
  • Dabrafenib Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of dabrafenib. Consider alternate therapy.
  • Dasatinib Phenobarbital may decrease the serum level and efficacy of dasatinib.
  • Delavirdine The anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of delavirdine.
  • Dexamethasone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, dexamethasone.
  • Dicoumarol The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the anticoagulant effect, dicumarol.
  • Diethylstilbestrol The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, may decrease the therapeutic effect of diethylstilbestrol.
  • Disopyramide Phenobarbital decreases levels of disopyramide
  • Doxycycline The anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, may decrease the therapeutic effect of doxycycline.
  • Dyphylline The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of dyphylline.
  • Estradiol The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estradiol.
  • Estradiol valerate/Dienogest Affects CYP3A4 metabolism, decreases or effects levels of Estradiol valerate/Dienogest.
  • Estriol The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estriol.
  • Estrone The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estrone.
  • Estropipate The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, estropipate.
  • Ethinyl Estradiol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
  • Etravirine Etravirine, when used concomitantly with phenobarbital, may experience a decrease in serum concentration. It is recommended to avoid concurrent therapy.
  • Felbamate Felbamate increases the effect and toxicity of phenobarbital/primidone
  • Felodipine The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of felodipine.
  • Fludrocortisone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, fludrocortisone.
  • Folic Acid Folic acid decreases the effect of anticonvulsant, phenobarbital.
  • Gefitinib The CYP3A4 inducer, phenobarbital, may decrease the serum concentration and therapeutic effects of gefitinib.
  • Griseofulvin The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of griseofulvin.
  • Hydrocortisone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, hydrocortisone.
  • Imatinib Phenobarbital decreases levels of imatinib
  • Itraconazole The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of itraconazole.
  • Ivacaftor Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of ivacaftor. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
  • Levonorgestrel Phenobarbital decreases the effect of levonorgestrel
  • Medroxyprogesterone Acetate The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the hormone, medroxyprogesterone.
  • Megestrol acetate The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the hormone, megestrol.
  • Mestranol This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
  • Methadone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of methadone.
  • Methoxyflurane The barbiturate, phenobarbital, increases the renal toxicity of methoxyflurane.
  • Methylprednisolone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, methylprednisolone.
  • Metoprolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blocker
  • Metronidazole The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of metronidazole.
  • Nifedipine The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine.
  • Norethindrone This product may cause a slight decrease of contraceptive effect
  • Oxtriphylline The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of oxtriphylline.
  • Paramethasone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, paramethasone.
  • Prednisolone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisolone.
  • Prednisone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, prednisone.
  • Propranolol The barbiturate decreases the effect of the metabolized beta-blocker
  • Quinestrol The enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of the hormone agent, quinestrol.
  • Quinidine The anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of quinidine.
  • Regorafenib Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of regorafenib.
  • Rilpivirine Strong inducers of CYP3A4 decrease the exposure of rilpivirine thus decreasing efficacy.
  • Roflumilast Affects CYP3A4 metabolism, decreases level or effect of roflumilast. Also decreases the level or effect of roflumilast by affecting CYP1A2 metabolism.
  • Rufinamide Increases clearance of rufinamide thus decreasing plasma concentration of rufinamide.
  • Sunitinib Possible decrease in sunitinib levels
  • Tacrolimus Phenobarbital may decrease the blood concentration of Tacrolimus. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/toxic effects of Tacrolimus if Phenobarbital therapy is initiated, discontinued or altered.
  • Telithromycin Phenobarbital may decrease the plasma concentration of Telithromycin. Consider alternate therapy.
  • Temsirolimus Phenobarbital may increase the metabolism of Temsirolimus decreasing its efficacy. Concomitant therapy should be avoided.
  • Theophylline The barbiturate, phenobarbital, decreases the effect of theophylline.
  • Ticlopidine Ticlopidine may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Phenobarbital. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for adverse/toxic effects of Phenobarbital if Ticlopidine is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tipranavir Phenobarbial decreases the concentration of Tipranavir. Monitor for decreased Tipranavir efficacy.
  • Tramadol Phenobarbital may decrease the effect of Tramadol by increasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance.
  • Trazodone The CYP3A4 inducer, Phenobarbital, may decrease Trazodone efficacy by increasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Phenobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tretinoin The strong CYP2C8 inducer, Phenobarbital, may increase the metabolism and clearance of oral Tretinoin. Consider alternate therapy to avoid failure of Tretinoin therapy or monitor for changes in Tretinoin effectiveness and adverse/toxic effects if Phenobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Triamcinolone The barbiturate, phenobarbital, may decrease the effect of the corticosteroid, triamcinolone.
  • Trimipramine The barbiturate, Phenobarbital, may increase the metabolism and clearance of Trimipramine. Monitor for changes in the therapeutics and adverse effects of Trimipramine if Phenobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. Dose adjustments of Trimipramine may be required.
  • Triprolidine The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Phenobarbital, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.
  • Ulipristal Concomitant therapy with strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease plasma concentrations of ulipristal and ultimately its effectiveness. Avoid combination therapy.
  • Vandetanib Decreases levels of vandetanib by affecting CYP3A4 metabolism. Contraindicated.
  • Vemurafenib Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease levels of vemurafenib. Monitor concomitant therapy closely.
  • Verapamil Phenobarbital, a CYP3A4 inducer, may increase the serum concentration of Verapamil, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Verapamil if Phenobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Vigabatrin Vigabatrin reduces serum concentrations of phenobarbital by 8-16%.
  • Voriconazole Phenobarbital may reduce serum concentrations and efficacy of voriconazole. Concomitant voriconazole and long-acting barbiturates therapy is contraindicated.
  • Warfarin Phenobarbital may decrease the serum concentration of warfarin by increasing its metabolism. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of warfarin if phenobarbital is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Elixir - Oral
Solution - Intramuscular
Tablet - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Luminal
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01174
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=4763
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46505776
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07434
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00506
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4599.html
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA450911
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenobarbital
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/phenbarb.htm
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/phe1334.shtml
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/phenobarbital.html
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