Tìm theo
Methylphenidate
Các tên gọi khác (10 ) :
  • alpha-Phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester
  • Daytrana
  • Methyl alpha-phenyl-alpha-(2-piperidyl)acetate
  • Methyl alpha-phenyl-alpha-2-piperidinylacetate
  • Methyl phenidylacetate
  • Methylphenidan
  • Methylphenidate
  • Methylphenidatum
  • Metilfenidato
  • MPH
central nervous system stimulants, dopamine uptake inhibitors
Thuốc Gốc
Small Molecule
CAS: 113-45-1
ATC: N06BA04
ĐG : Alliant Pharmaceuticals Inc.
CTHH: C14H19NO2
PTK: 233.3062
A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of dextroamphetamine. [PubChem]
Nhận Dạng Quốc Tế & Đặc Tính Hóa Học
Công thức hóa học
C14H19NO2
Phân tử khối
233.3062
Monoisotopic mass
233.141578857
InChI
InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3
InChI Key
InChIKey=DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name
methyl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate
Traditional IUPAC Name
methylphenidate
SMILES
COC(=O)C(C1CCCCN1)C1=CC=CC=C1
Độ tan chảy
224-226 °C
Độ hòa tan
1255mg/L
logP
0.20
logS
-3.1
pKa (Strongest Basic)
9.09
PSA
38.33 Å2
Refractivity
66.73 m3·mol-1
Polarizability
26.21 Å3
Rotatable Bond Count
4
H Bond Acceptor Count
2
H Bond Donor Count
1
Physiological Charge
1
Number of Rings
2
Bioavailability
1
Rule of Five
true
Ghose Filter
true
pKa
8.77
Dược Lực Học : Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Methylphenidate also blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of dextroamphetamine. Furthermore, it is a racemic mixture comprised of the d- and l-threo enantiomers. The d-threo enantiomer is more pharmacologically active than the l-threo enantiomer.
Cơ Chế Tác Dụng : A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of dextroamphetamine. [PubChem] Methylphenidate blocks dopamine uptake in central adrenergic neurons by blocking dopamine transport or carrier proteins. Methylphenidate acts at the brain stem arousal system and the cerebral cortex and causes increased sympathomimetic activity in the central nervous system. Alteration of serotonergic pathways via changes in dopamine transport may result.
Dược Động Học :
▧ Absorption :
Readily absorbed in a biphasic manner when orally administered (tablets) to children diagnosed with ADHD and to healthy adults. In children and adults males, after administration of a single oral dose of Ritalin LA and Ritalin given in two doses 4 hours apart, peak plasma concentration is reached approximately 2 hours for the first phase and 5-6 hours for the second phase. The absolute oral bioavailability of methylphenidate in children was 22±8% for d-methylphenidate and 5±3% for l-methylphenidate. These low values suggest that methylphenidate is highly metabolized presystemically.
▧ Volume of Distribution :
d-methylphenidate = 2.65 L/kg; l-methylphenidate = 1.80 L/kg;
▧ Protein binding :
Binding to plasma proteins is low (10%-33%).
▧ Metabolism :
Methylphenidate is hepatically metabolized. More specifically, it is rapidly and extensively metabolized by carboxylesterase CES1A1. Via this enzyme, methylphenidate undergoes de-esterification to ritalinic acid (a-phenyl-2-piperidine acetic acid, PPAA), which has little to no pharmacologic activity.
▧ Route of Elimination :
After oral administration of an immediate release formulation of methylphenidate, 78%-97% of the dose is excreted in the urine and 1%-3% in the feces in the form of metabolites within 48-96 hours. Only small quantities (<1%) of unchanged methylphenidate appear in the urine. Most of the dose is excreted in the urine as ritalinic acid (60%-86%), the remainder being accounted for by minor metabolites.
▧ Half Life :
d-methylphenidate = 3-4 hours; l-methylphenidate = 1-3 hours; Ritalinic acid = 3-4 hours;
▧ Clearance :
Systemic clearance for Ritalin LA and Ritalin tablets is as follows: d-methylphenidate= 0.40±0.12 L/h/kg; l-methylphenidate = 0.73±0.28 L/h/kg;
Độc Tính : Symptoms of overdose include vomiting, agitation, tremors, hyperreflexia, muscle twitching, convulsions (may be followed by coma), euphoria, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, sweating, flushing, headache, hyperpyrexia, tachycardia, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, mydriasis, and dryness of mucous membranes. LD50=190mg/kg (orally in mice)
Chỉ Định : For use as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate-to-severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity.
Tương Tác Thuốc :
  • Aliskiren Monitor therapy due to reduced antihypertensive effect of aliskiren.
  • Carbamazepine Carbamazepine may decrease the effect of methylphendiate.
  • Cyclosporine Methylphenidate increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine
  • Guanethidine Methylphenidate may decrease the effect of guanethidine.
  • Isocarboxazid Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
  • Phenelzine Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination
  • Rasagiline Possible hypertensive crisis with this combination.
  • Trandolapril Methylphenidate may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of Trandolapril. Monitor for changes in blood pressure if Methylphenidate is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.
  • Tranylcypromine The MAO inhibitor, Tranylcypromine, may increase the vasopressor effect of Methylphenidate. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated.
Liều Lượng & Cách Dùng : Capsule, extended release - Oral
Patch - Transdermal - 10 mg/9 hr; 15 mg/9 hr; 20 mg/9 hr; 30 mg/9 hr
Solution - Oral - 5 mg/mL; 10mg/5mL
Suspension, extended release - Oral - 25 mg/5 mL
Tablet - Oral - 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
Tablet, chewable - Oral - 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg
Tablet, extended release - Oral
Dữ Kiện Thương Mại
Giá thị trường
Nhà Sản Xuất
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Concerta
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Daytrana
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Equasym XL
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Medikinet XL
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Metadate
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Methylin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Quillivant
  • Sản phẩm biệt dược : Quillivant XR
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Riphenidate
  • Công ty : Novartis
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Ritalin
  • Công ty :
    Sản phẩm biệt dược : Rubifen SR
Đóng gói
Tài Liệu Tham Khảo Thêm
drugbank
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00422
PubChem Compound
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=4158
PubChem Substance
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46505929
KEGG Compound
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07196
KEGG Drug
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D04999
ChemSpider
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4015.html
National Drug Code Directory
http://www.hipaaspace.com/Medical_Billing/Coding/National.Drug.Codes/PDF/0078-0424-05
PharmGKB
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA450464
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphenidate
RxList
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/methphen.htm
PDRhealth
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/rit1383.shtml
Drugs.com
http://www.drugs.com/methylphenidate.html
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